...Qinwen Xia; Chao Chen; Erik B. Dopman; Daniel A. Hahn Evolutionary change in diapause timing can be an adaptive response to changing seasonality, and even result in ecological speciation. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms regulating shifts in diapause timing remain poorly understood...

... increased as diapause progressed, and acclimation to variable conditions altered both metabolic intensity and thermal sensitivity. However, incorporating these two types of metabolic plasticity into energy use models did not improve energy use estimates, validated by empirical measurements of energy stores...

... seasons, and winter is the season warming most rapidly. Yet, we know relatively little about how warming will alter the physiology of overwintering organisms. Here, we simulated future warming conditions by comparing diapausing Pieris rapae butterfly pupae collected from disparate thermal environments...

...Natalie R. Epstein; Kevin Saez; Asya Polat; Steven R. Davis; Matthew L. Aardema ABSTRACT Genes known to affect circadian rhythms (i.e. ‘clock genes’) also influence the photoperiodic induction of overwintering reproductive diapause in the northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens f. pipiens...

...Daniel E. Zajic; Jonathon P. Nicholson; Jason E. Podrabsky ABSTRACT Annual killifish survive in temporary ponds by producing drought-tolerant embryos that can enter metabolic dormancy (diapause). Survival of dehydration stress is achieved through severe reduction of evaporative water loss. We...

...Sami M. Kivelä; Karl Gotthard; Philipp Lehmann ABSTRACT The evolution of seasonal polyphenisms (discrete phenotypes in different annual generations) associated with alternative developmental pathways of diapause (overwintering) and direct development is favoured in temperate insects. Seasonal life...

... malt flies ( Chymomyza costata ) to uncover cell and tissue morphological changes associated with freeze mortality. Diapause induction, cold acclimation and dietary proline supplementation generate malt fly variants ranging from weakly to extremely freeze tolerant. Using confocal microscopy...

... and temperature. Though photoperiodic modulation has been well studied, temperature modulation of dormancy has received less attention. Here, we leverage genetic variation in diapause in the apple maggot fly, Rhagoletis pomonella , to test whether gene expression during winter or following spring warming...

... or beneficial interactions. The outcomes of these activities can differ according to environmental context. In a series of laboratory experiments with diapausing eggs of the water flea Daphnia magna , we manipulated two environmental parameters, temperature and presence of bacteria, and examined their effect...

...Lee S. Toni; Pamela A. Padilla ABSTRACT Although vertebrate embryogenesis is typically a continuous and dynamic process, some embryos have evolved mechanisms to developmentally arrest. The embryos of Austrofundulus limnaeus , a killifish that resides in ephemeral ponds, routinely enter diapause II...

...Jason E. Podrabsky; Steven C. Hand; Jason E. Podrabsky; Jonathon H. Stillman; Lars Tomanek ABSTRACT Diapause is a programmed state of developmental arrest that typically occurs as part of the natural developmental progression of organisms that inhabit seasonal environments. The brine shrimp Artemia...

...Allison M. King; Jantina Toxopeus; Thomas H. MacRae Females of the crustacean Artemia franciscana produce either motile nauplii or gastrula stage embryos enclosed in a shell impermeable to nonvolatile compounds and known as cysts. The encysted embryos enter diapause, a state of greatly reduced...

...Paul C. Coleman; Jeffrey S. Bale; Scott A. L. Hayward Predicting insect responses to global climate change involves understanding cross-generation effects of temperature. The majority of temperate insects overwinter in a state of diapause, a pre-emptive response to winter conditions associated...

...-immunoreactive cell bodies at the medulla disrupted the photoperiodic regulation of diapause. However, gene suppression of pdf by RNA interference did not affect the photoperiodic response. These results suggest that the region containing PDF-immunoreactive somata is important for the photoperiodic response in R...

...Monica F. Poelchau; Julie A. Reynolds; Christine G. Elsik; David L. Denlinger; Peter A. Armbruster SUMMARY Dormancy is a crucial adaptation allowing insects to withstand harsh environmental conditions. The pre-programmed developmental arrest of diapause is a form of dormancy that is distinct from...

...Takeshi Suzuki; Takeshi Kojima; Makio Takeda; Masayuki Sakuma SUMMARY Non-diapausing spider mites ( Tetranychus urticae ) live on the undersurface of host leaves during summer, but diapausing mites overwinter in dark hibernacula. The light environments of these habitats differ: visible radiation...

... mechanisms regulating dormancy in animals remain poorly understood. In insects, dormancy (diapause) is a developmentally dynamic state, and the mechanisms that control diapause transitions affect seasonal timing. Here we used microarrays to examine patterns of gene expression during dormancy termination...

...Jason E. Podrabsky; Ian D. F. Garrett; Zachary F. Kohl SUMMARY Embryos of the annual killifish Austrofundulus limnaeus enter a state of developmental arrest termed diapause as part of their normal developmental program. Diapause can occur at two distinct developmental stages in this species, termed...

... in both non-diapausing and diapausing females. Mosquitoes provided with access to sugar during rehydration survived longer than those allowed to rehydrate without sugar, and their survival was similar to that of mosquitoes of the same age that were not dehydrated. Among mosquitoes not provided with sugar...

...Heather M. Robbins; Gilbert Van Stappen; Patrick Sorgeloos; Yeong Yik Sung; Thomas H. MacRae; Peter Bossier SUMMARY Encysted embryos (cysts) of the brine shrimp Artemia undergo diapause, a state of profound dormancy and enhanced stress tolerance. Upon exposure to the appropriate physical stimulus...