... that encourage refuging in fish. Vortex street Oncorhynchus   mykiss Kármán gait Flow visualization DPIV CFD Turbulence Swimming Fishes in current-swept environments must successfully navigate complex flows while performing tasks that are essential for survival, such as foraging for prey...

... velocimetry (DPIV) to compare suction feeding flow dynamics in a representative of each of these clades: goldfish and bluegill. Using DPIV, we contrast the spatial pattern of flow, the temporal relationship between flow and head kinematics, and the contribution of jaw protrusion to the forces exerted on prey...

... ) 3 12 2010 © 2011. 2011 DPIV digital particle image velocimetry fish fluid dynamics pectoral fin substrate vorticity Lotic, or flowing water, environments such as creeks, streams and rivers are characterized by measurable directional flow ( Allan, 1995 ; Hart and Finelli...

... using stereo digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV). The main structures of the wake were a pair of trailing wingtip vortices and a pair of trailing tail vortices. Circulation of these was measured and a model was constructed that showed good weight support. Parasite drag was estimated from the wake...

...-speed DPIV measurements in the transverse plane behind freely flying blackcaps. We found novel wake structures previously not shown in birds, including wing root vortices of opposite as well as the same sign as the wing tip vortices. This suggests a more complex wake structure in birds than previously...

... of feeding sharks was quantified using time-resolved digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV). The maximal size of the fluid velocity region is 56%larger in successful strikes than unsuccessful strikes (10.79 cm 2 vs 6.90 cm 2 ), but they do not differ in duration,indicating that strikes are modulated based...

..., A. and Delerce, G. ( 2000 ). Advanced optimization of correlation imaging velocimetry algorithms. Exp. Fluids 29 , S13 -S22. Fincham, A. M. and Spedding, G. R. ( 1997 ). Low-cost, high resolution DPIV for measurement of turbulent fluid flow. Exp. Fluids 23 , 449 -462. Grafen, A. and Hails, R...

... in the interaction between fish and water. To study the influence of the relatively high viscous forces compared with adult fish, we mapped the flow around swimming zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) larvae using two-dimensional digital particle image velocimetry (2D-DPIV) in the horizontal and transverse plane of the fish...

... to the mouth are understood to be mechanically linked but the relationship between them has never been empirically determined in any suction feeder. We present the first simultaneous measurements of fluid speed and buccal pressure during suction feeding in fishes. Digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV...

... also calculated the ingested volume and a novel metric of strike accuracy. In addition, we quantified for each species the effects of gape magnitude, time to peak gape, and swimming speed on features of the ingested volume of water. Digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) and high-speed video were...

... or smaller in magnitude as a function of decreasing TTPG . Fig. 9. DPIV data from 42 feeding sequences from three bluegill showing that time to peak gape ( TTPG ) is closely related to peak fluid speed( FS ; measured at ½ PG in front of the fish on the centerline), illustrating one mechanism...

... the effects of ram on the maximum fluid speed of the water entering the mouth during feeding as well as the spatial patterns of flow entering the mouth of suction-feeding bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus . Using Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) and high-speed video, we observed the flow in front...

... Rana esculenta , applying digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) to the frog's wake. The wake showed two vortex rings left behind by the two feet. The rings appeared to be elliptic in planform, urging for correction of the observed ring radii. The rings' long and short axes (average ratio 1.75:1...

... and swimming. To explore this difference further, we determined the instantaneous forces during propulsion in swimming using an impulse–momentum approach based on DPIV flow data. The force profile obtained was compared with force profiles obtained from drag–thrust equilibrium of the centre of mass...

...Richard J. Bomphrey; Nicholas J. Lawson; Nicholas J. Harding; Graham K. Taylor; Adrian L. R. Thomas SUMMARY Here we present the first digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV)analysis of the flow field around the wings of an insect (the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta , tethered to a 6-component...

... of jet velocity and other jet parameters in squid have been reported. We used digital particle imaging velocimetry (DPIV) to visualize the jet flow of adult long-finned squid Loligo pealei (mantle length, L m =27.1±3.0 cm, mean ± s . d .) swimming in a flume over a wide range of speeds(10.1-59.3 cm s -1...

... to manipulate ipsilateral flight force production without further changes in wing beat kinematics. * Address for correspondence (e-mail: fritz.lehmann@biologie.uni-ulm.de ) 30 9 2004 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2004 2004 insect flight aerodynamics DPIV leading edge vortex...

... (DPIV) to quantify the flow structure of the wake produced by the feet during the propulsion phase of the kick of surface swimming frogs( Rana pipiens ). These frogs use two different gaits, asynchronous and synchronous kicking, and the magnitude of the thrust produced by the feet differs between...

...James M. Birch; Michael H. Dickinson SUMMARY We used two-dimensional digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) to visualize flow patterns around the flapping wing of a dynamically scaled robot for a series of reciprocating strokes starting from rest. The base of the wing was equipped with strain...