.../ Summary: Muscles lose torque potential when activated with their agonistic group and this deficit is not associated with smaller moment arms, changes in inter-muscular pressure or inter-muscular force transfer. Muscle properties Connective tissue Moment arm Inter-muscular Pressure...

... by the predator. We demonstrate that a mutable collagenous tissue (MCT) is involved in the functioning of these organs: (1) some mechanical properties of Cuvierian tubules are modified by incubation in a cell-disrupting solution; (2) the connective tissue layer encloses juxtaligamental-like cells, a cell type...

... Connective tissue Thermal acclimation Ectothermic animals living in temperate environments can experience significant, long-term changes in ambient temperature. These seasonal fluctuations influence every level of biological function as a result of the universal effect of temperature on molecular...

... rotate little so limiting muscle shortening velocity, but helping to preserve force. This ability to shift gears is thought to be due to the interplay of contractile force and connective tissue constraints. In order to test this hypothesis, gear ratios were determined in the medial gastrocnemius muscles...

... dimension. By actively (with muscle) or passively (with connective tissue) controlling the various dimensions, a wide array of deformations, movements and changes in stiffness can be created. An amazing range of animals and animal structures rely on this form of skeletal support, including anemones...

[email protected] ) 6 9 2006 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2006 2006 connective tissue extracellular matrix mechanical properties mutable collagenous tissue sponge Chondrosia reniformis Nardo is a marine sponge that lacks calcite or siliceous spicules or the reinforcing...

... with the ultrastructural observation of juxtaligamental-like cells in the connective tissue, confirms that an MCT is present in both echinoid and asteroid tube feet. It was observed, however, that the tube foot stems of P. lividus and M. glacialis are affected differently by exposure to cell-disrupting solutions...

... structure is due to muscle. *e-mail: [email protected] 6 11 2001 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 2002 Echinodermata mutable collagenous tissue connective tissue extracellular matrix muscle juxtaligamental cell mechanical properties variable tensility...

... physiology muscle ultrastructure connective tissue contraction tissue lysis tissue stiffening tissue softening Insofar as it deals with muscle, this review may be considered a successor to a review of echinoderm muscle physiology by K. Takahashi ( Takahashi, 1966 ). Neuromuscular systems...

... an alteration of its viscous components. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 28 02 2000 18 04 2000 © 2000 by Company of Biologists 2000 mutable connective tissue collagen echinoderm Cucumaria frondosa catch biomechanics sea cucumber...

..., to a comparable rate of fatigue damage. Homeostasis requires that routine repair can keep up with this rate of damage. * email: [email protected] 22 07 1999 16 11 1999 © 1999 by Company of Biologists 1999 connective tissue collagen tendon cartilage heel pad...

.... In this sense, its composition is similar to that of vertebrate connective tissues, and yet we witnessed adhesion between pieces of holothurian dermis in which the cells had been destroyed by freezing and thawing, while no adhesion was observed between pieces of cartilage or between dermis and cartilage...

...Peter P. Purslow; Tim J. Wess; David W. L. Hukins ABSTRACT Collagen fibres form cross-helical, cross-ply or quasi-random feltworks in extensible connective tissues; strain-induced reorientation of these networks gives rise to the non-linear mechanical properties of connective tissue at finite...

...Maria Byrne ABSTRACT The stimuli provoking evisceration of Eupentacta quinquesemita (Selenka) and autotomy of isolated pharyngeal retractor muscle (PRM) tendons were investigated. Tendon autotomy is a two-part response involving PRM contraction and breakdown of tendon connective tissue...

...Maria Byrne ABSTRACT Evisceration in the holothurian Eupentacta quinquesemita (Selenka) results from a rapid softening of autotomy structures comprised of connective tissue. The mechanical properties of two autotomy tissues, the introvert and the retractor muscle tendon, were tested to investigate...

...Tatsuo Motokawa ABSTRACT Stress-relaxation tests and creep tests were performed on the bodywall dermis of two sea cucumbers, Actinopyga echinites (Jäger) and Holothuria leucospilota Brandt. These viscoelastic connective tissues had mechanical properties which agreed well with those of a four...

..., Nakagusuku, Okinawa 901-24, Japan. 18 06 1982 14 10 1982 © 1983 by Company of Biologists 1983 Sea urchin connective tissue mechanical properties It has been suggested that, in certain echinoderms, movement and maintenance of posture depend to a considerable extent...

...M. Hidaka ABSTRACT The catch apparatus (CA), a collagenous connective tissue which connects the sea-urchin spine to the test, is known to undergo a remarkable change in its mechanical properties. Effects of various physico-chemical factors on the mechanical properties of the CA have been...