... to deviate from its straight path. ( Matthews, 1963 ; Byrne et al., 2003 ). To include the full complexity of natural surface topographies, Bijma et al. (2021) numerically modelled the transportation of a spherical object on complex terrain with varying characteristic scales of surface roughness...

... observation of locomotion through obstacles as large as animals over a long time and distance. Complex terrain Obstacle traversal Laboratory platform Experimental platform Insects Terradynamics Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000997 National...

... shape and motion is important for understanding body–environment interactions in complex terrain, but this is difficult to achieve (especially for local orientation and rotation). Here, we describe an interpolation method to quantify continuous body 3-D position and orientation. We simplify the body...

... into sections, each using distinct movement patterns, to get over large step-like obstacles. Such body partitioning may be generally useful for diverse, complex 3-D terrain. Lampropeltis mexicana Locomotion Obstacle traversal Complex terrain Terradynamics Snakes are exceptionally versatile...