... of billfish rostra has been frequently discussed and the recent discovery of an oil gland (glandula oleofera) at the base of the rostrum in swordfish, Xiphias gladius , has added an interesting facet to this discussion regarding the potential co-evolution of gland and rostra. Here, we investigated the oil...

... a novel geometrical model of predation. We discuss implications of this model for the co-evolution of predator and prey kinematics and pursuit and escape strategies. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Competing interests The authors declare no competing or financial...

... . Mueller   U. G. ( 2002 ). Ant versus fungus versus mutualism: ant–cultivar conflict and the deconstruction of the attine ant–fungus symbiosis . Am. Nat.   160   Suppl. 4 , S67 - S98 . Mueller   U. G. ( 2012 ). Symbiont recruitment versus ant–symbiont co-evolution in the attine ant–microbe...

... relationships co-evolution bodyguard manipulation bodyguard dimension © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 28 3 2012 30 5 2012 * These authors contributed equally to this work † Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) ...

... them to perform manipulated behaviours. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 29 3 2012 5 7 2012 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 host–parasite relationship co-evolution host manipulation energetic cost evolutionary trade-off...