... following a classical conditioning procedure where an electrical tail shock served as the unconditioned stimulus (US) and a tactile stimulus to the siphon as the conditioned stimulus (CS). Responses to the CS were tested before (pre-test), and 24 and 48 h after training. While Wake animals remained awake...

... . 10.1007/s00049-016-0215-z Bitterman , M. E. , Menzel , R. , Fietz , A. and Schäfer , S. ( 1983 ). Classical conditioning of proboscis extension in honeybees ( Apis mellifera ) . J. Comp. Psychol. 97 , 107 - 119 . 10.1037/0735-7036.97.2.107 Bos , N. , Roussel , E...

... Contextual memory Protein synthesis Invertebrate Classical conditioning Summary: The crab Neohelice granulata can be conditioned in a one-trial place preference task using a non-neutral stimulus. This long-term memory is dependent on protein synthesis. © 2021. Published by The Company...

... protocol, operant training of free-flying animals cannot be combined with invasive protocols for studying the neurobiological basis of visual learning. In view of this, different attempts have been made to develop new classical conditioning protocols for studying visual learning in harnessed honeybees...

... this. As a first step towards addressing this, we developed a classical conditioning paradigm for visual learning in harnessed wood ants that allows us to control precisely the learned visual cues. In this paradigm, ants are fixed and presented with a visual cue paired with an appetitive sugar reward. Using...

... to determine the color-vision capabilities of a rock-dwelling cichlid from Lake Malawi and suggest that cichlids possess a trichromatic visual system. Fish vision Color opponency Trichromacy Classical conditioning Animals vary greatly in color pattern, with coloration often playing...

... capacities in the sexual forms of the gynodioecious species Thymus vulgaris L . Bot. J. Linn. Soc.   77 , 29 - 39 . 10.1111/j.1095-8339.1978.tb01370.x Bitterman , M. E. , Menzel , R. , Fietz , A. and Schäfer , S. ( 1983 ). Classical conditioning of proboscis extension...

... analysis, discussion of results and writing the manuscript. Competing interests The authors declare no competing financial interests. 20 5 2013 12 9 2013 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Apis mellifera Classical conditioning Proboscis extension...

... in Caenorhabditis elegans . Nature 438 , 179 – 184 . * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 30 1 2012 © 2012. 2012 aversive conditioning classical conditioning decision-making insect memory olfaction Feeding, though necessary for obtaining energy...

... two complementary paradigms for the classical conditioning of olfactory memories in restrained desert locusts ( Schistocerca gregaria ). These paradigms allow precise experimental control over the parameters influencing learning. The first paradigm is based on classical (Pavlovian) appetitive...

... that is relatively unexplored in honeybees, could play a role in the acquisition of information from nestmates (social learning) and in foraging decisions influenced by associations between floral temperature and nectar rewards. honeybee discrimination learning classical conditioning memory thermoreception...

... commonly associate the distracter and rewarded stimuli with a loaded feeding apparatus and thus with the smell of food ( Neumeyer,1984 ; Neumeyer,1992 ; Siebeck et al.,2008 ). This configuration is essential during the learning part of any classical conditioning experiment, at least until the fish have...

...C. Niggebrügge; G. Leboulle; R. Menzel; B. Komischke; N. Hempel de Ibarra SUMMARY Colours are quickly learnt by free-moving bees in operant conditioning settings. In the present study, we report a method using the classical conditioning of the proboscis extension response (PER) in restrained...

... of two alarm substances in the honeybee. J. Comp. Physiol. A 188 , 485 -491. Bitterman, M. E., Menzel, R., Fietz, A. and Schäfer, S. ( 1983 ). Classical conditioning of proboscis extension in honeybees ( Apis mellifera ). J. Comp. Psychol. 97 , 107 -119. Breed, M. D., Guzman-Novoa, E...

... 2008 Nautilus cephalopod learning memory classical conditioning Learning and memory are well known in coleoids – cuttlefish and octopuses have yielded a wealth of information about physiological bases of invertebrate memory, and have demonstrated impressive learning abilities...

.... Physiological data has revealed wavelength-tuned photoreceptors in reef fish, and this study provides behavioural evidence for their application in colour discrimination. Using classical conditioning,freshly caught damselfish were trained to discriminate coloured patterns for a food reward. Within 3–4 days...

...Bertram Gerber; Brian H. Smith ABSTRACT We use classical conditioning of the honeybee ( Apis mellifera ) proboscis extension reflex with a visual (A) and an olfactory (X) conditioned stimulus in a blocking paradigm. Typically, learning about one element (X) of a compound (AX) is decreased (blocked...