... 2017 © 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2017 http://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Summary: Cholinergic tone originates earlier than previously suggested in the development of tadpoles. The use of a successfully non-invasive methodology for measuring heart rate...

... cholinergic tone and results in a gradual increase in heart rate scope. Acclimation dynamics Cholinergic tone Heart rate scope Intrinsic heart rate Maximum heart rate Time course Acute warming in fish typically results in an exponential rise in oxygen consumption rate and cardiac output...

... ; independent of acclimation, heart rate responds more to hypotension than to hypertension. Adrenergic receptors Baroreceptor Blood pressure Cholinergic tone Hibernation Seasonal changes Baroreflex regulation of arterial blood pressure is important to the maintenance of adequate tissue...

... a cholinergic tone on heart rate. Collectively, these data indicate that the maturation of cardiovascular control systems differs between white leghorn chickens and emus, inviting investigation of additional avian species to determine other patterns. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: dcrossle@uci.edu...