... mechanisms that enable cardiac function to be maintained and optimised, a phenomenon known as ‘cardiac plasticity’. Heart Cardiovascular Sarcomere Mitochondria Calcium Hypertrophy For this Special Issue (SI) of Journal of Experimental Biology entitled ‘The Integrative Biology...

...Janna L. Crossley; Ruth Elsey; Dane A. Crossley, II; Tobias Wang; James W. Hicks ABSTRACT Vertebrates utilize various respiratory organs such as gills, lungs and skin in combination with diverse cardiovascular structures, including single-, three- and four-chambered hearts, to enable oxygen...

... play a critical role in determining their future fitness and survival. In this Review, we discuss and compare the phenotypic consequences of chronic developmental hypoxia on the cardiovascular system of oviparous vertebrates. In particular, we focus on species-specific responses, critical windows...

... has great potential to mechanistically link organ form and function with their molecular underpinnings. Cardiovascular Environment Heart Phenotypic plasticity Species diversity The heart has long been recognized as an important organ. Egyptian hieroglyphs, for example, show how...

... Snake Cardiovascular Blood pressure Baroreception Phenylephrine Nitroprusside Autonomic control Fundação de Amparo à pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001807 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico http://dx.doi.org...

... across the gills (i.e. the osmo-respiratory compromise), affects these processes. We measured cardiovascular and blood variables of rainbow trout acclimated to freshwater and seawater during acute warming from 11 to 17°C. Relative to freshwater-acclimated trout, cardiac output was 34% and 55% higher...

.... However, some physiological adaptations to diving observed in mammals are absent in marine turtles. This study examined cardiovascular responses in loggerhead sea turtles, which have even fewer adaptations to diving than other marine turtles, but can dive for extended durations. Heart rates ( f H...

... in the left aorta of American alligators does not contain elevated P CO 2  levels during digestion. Reptile Alligator Digestion Cardiovascular Cardiac shunt Acid–base balance Blood gases Crocodilians have a unique cardiovascular design where the left aortic arch (LAo) emerges from...

... of Biologists Ltd 2018 http://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Summary: Late stage snapping turtle embryos present increased oxygen carrying capacity and decreased cardiac output index and heart rate, which contribute to the reported patterns of turtle whole-egg V̇ O 2 . Cardiovascular...

... partial collapse of abdominal veins to smooth flow from the inferior vena cava. Cardiovascular Diving adaptations Diving mammal Extradural vein Fluking Morphology The vascular systems of diving mammals are highly adapted to swimming on a breath-hold under high hydrostatic pressures...

... the cardiovascular system. Pressure differentials could arise from ventral compression on each fluke downstroke or by a faster equilibration of the abdominal compartment with changing ambient ocean pressures compared with the thoracic compartment. If significant pressure differentials do develop, we would expect...

.../ Summary: Artificially elevating heart rate reduces stroke volume, leading to cardiac output ‘autoregulation’; adrenergic stimulation is needed to concurrently increase myocardial contractility to maintain stroke volume and increase cardiac output. Cardiovascular Heart rate Stroke volume...

... Summary: Non-crocodilian reptiles have an undivided ventricle, but some (pythons, varanid lizards) robustly separate blood flow, whereas others (turtles, anacondas, bearded dragons) show a large capacity for cardiac shunting. Cardiovascular Cardiac shunting Reptile Blood flow Perfused heart...

.... Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Haematocrit Cardiovascular Oxygen transport Fish Thermal tolerance Temperature affects the rate of virtually all bodily functions. Global warming is altering the distribution of natural populations, so a major challenge for experimental...

... the experiments; D.F. performed the experiments; T.W., D.F. and J.O. analysed data and wrote the MS. Competing interests The authors declare no competing financial interests. 10 3 2014 12 9 2014 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Cardiovascular Digestion...

... interests The authors declare no competing financial interests. 17 3 2014 27 5 2014 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Rhinella marina Cardiovascular Blood flow The amphibian cardiovascular system is characterized by having a single ventricle...

... , 81 - 95 . Lillywhite   H. B. ( 2005 ) Cardiovascular adaptations to gravity: lessons from comparative studies of snakes . In Current Concepts (Adaptation Biology and Medicine) , Vol. 4 (ed. Hargens   A. , Takeda   N. , Singal   P. K. ), pp. 68 - 81 . New Delhi, India...

... declared. 19 2 2013 8 8 2013 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 cardiovascular scope temperature conservation physiology Anthropogenic climate change is now regarded as one of the greatest threats to biodiversity and the abundance and distribution...

... difficulties have precluded an understanding of the cardiovascular responses to T a in free-swimming bluefin tunas. We measured the heart rate ( f H ) responses of two captive Pacific bluefin tunas ( Thunnus orientalis ; 9.7 and 13.3 kg) over a cumulative period of 40 days. Routine f H during fasting...

...Travis Alvine; Turk Rhen; Dane A. Crossley, II SUMMARY We investigated sex differences in cardiovascular maturation in embryos of the snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina , a species with temperature-dependent sex determination. One group of eggs was incubated at 26.5°C to produce males. Another...