... generation have been studied using the cardiac ganglion (CG), which produces heart movements, and the stomatogastric ganglion (STG), which generates the rhythmic movements of the stomach ( Cooke, 2002 ; Maynard, 1972 ). These ganglia, when isolated, can generate rhythmic motor patterns in vitro...

... in the lobster nervous system, we hypothesized that they might function as neuromodulators, as is common for neuropeptides. We thus asked whether AMGSEFLamide modulates the rhythmic outputs of the cardiac ganglion and the stomatogastric ganglion. Physiological recordings showed that AMGSEFLamide potently...

... neuropeptides. To exert these effects, neuropeptides might have acted indirectly on the muscle via their effects on the cardiac ganglion, directly on the neuromuscular junction, or directly on the muscles. Because increases in response to stretch were also seen in stimulated motor nerve-muscle preparations...

... by sulfakinins in crustaceans were unknown. As in the dipterans, mapping of the distribution of sulfakinin-like labeling in P. monodon suggested a neuromodulatory role for family members in the shrimp CNS( Johnsen et al., 2000 ). Both the stomatogastric nervous system and the cardiac ganglion system have...

...Akira Sakurai; Jerrel L. Wilkens SUMMARY In the crustacean neurogenic heart, the cardiac ganglion (CG) acts as a peripherally located central pattern generator (CPG) by producing rhythmic motor output that initiates the heartbeat. In the isopod Ligia , the CG consists of six electrically coupled...

...Akira Sakurai; Hiroshi Yamagishi ABSTRACT We present several lines of evidence for the occurrence of graded synaptic transmission in addition to impulse-mediated transmission at the neuromuscular junction between cardiac ganglion (CG) neurones and the myocardium in the isopod crustacean Ligia...

... experienced by the cardiac ganglion. 29 10 1992 © 1993 by Company of Biologists 1993 stretch hypoxia cardiac ganglion Crustacea Carcinus maenas Procambarus clarkii Procambarus bandingi The striated muscle fibers of the decapod crustacean heart are not spontaneously...

...J. R. Groome; W. H. Watson, III ABSTRACT Cyclic AMP appears to be involved in several excitatory actions of amines on neurones of the Limulus cardiac ganglion. Amines selectively increase levels of cardiac ganglion cyclic AMP with a magnitude and time course similar to that observed for amine...

...A. Berlind ABSTRACT The crustacean cardiac ganglion has traditionally been viewed as a two-layered system in which pacemaking is a function of the four small cells which trigger the five follower motor neurones via chemical and electrotonic synaptic excitation. The work reported here shows...

...George J. Augustine; Raymond H. Fetterer ABSTRACT Octopamine (OCT), dopamine (DA), epinephrine (EPI) and norepine-phrine (NE) are endogenous excitors of the Limulus heart. The cellular sites of action of these amines were investigated by recording responses of neurones in the cardiac ganglion...

... and represented excitatory junction potentials produced by impulse bursts of the large cells of the cardiac ganglion. Under constant pressure, the magnitudes of the FSC and the SSC appeared to change according to the amplitudes and durations of the FLP and the SLP. Further, the total amplitude of systole...

...%. The main site of dopamine action was the group of four posterior small interneurones which normally function as the pacemaker for the cardiac ganglion system. Effects on the five large motoneurones occurred at higher concentrations. This regional difference in sensitivity was demonstrated by selective...