... knockdown or CRISPR/Cas9 knockout approaches were used to evaluate the roles of the two principal apical membrane acid excretory pathways, the Na + /H + exchanger (NHE3b; slc9a3.2 ) and the H + -ATPase ( atpv1aa ). Additionally, the role of HR cell cytosolic carbonic anhydrase (CAc) was investigated because...

... for ammonia excretion and/or acid–base regulation, as supported by high expression levels of Rhesus-protein 1 (LpRh-1), cytoplasmic carbonic anhydrase (CA-2) and hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated K + channel (HCN) compared with the PMPA and dorsal half-lamella. The half-lamellae displayed...

.... pH Soluble adenylyl cyclase Carbonic anhydrase Carbon-concentrating mechanism Ocean acidification Osedax The vacuolar-type H + -ATPase (VHA) is a multi-subunit enzyme that is ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells. VHA uses the energy from ATP hydrolysis to drive H + transport against...

... NHE3 Carbonic anhydrase Ammonium transporter Rhesus glycoprotein Ammonia (NH 3 /NH 4 + ) is a compound of major importance to life on earth, serving as an important nutrient for microorganisms and plants while presenting challenges to animals because of its toxic nature. While plants...

... of Biologists Ltd 2015 Summary: Fluid absorption in the isolated midgut of adult female yellow fever mosquitoes is shown to spontaneously proceed at rates expected from in vivo urine excretion, and Na + /K + pumps, V-type H + pumps and carbonic anhydrase are shown to be important for the active...

... rates were enhanced in media buffered to pH 5 and decreased at pH 9.5. Inhibitor experiments, combined with enzyme activity measurements and mRNA expression analyses, further suggested that the excretion mechanism involves the participation of the V-type H + -ATPase, carbonic anhydrase, Na + /K...

... as an osmoconformer in seawater). Additionally, expression of ion transporters and supporting enzymes that typically undergo upregulation during salinity transfer in osmoregulatory gills (i.e. Na + /K + -ATPase, carbonic anhydrase, Na + /K + /2Cl − cotransporter, V-type H + -ATPase and arginine kinase) were generally...

... with carbonic anhydrases to act as a de facto sensor of pH and CO 2 . The two catalytic domains of sAC are related to HCO 3 − -regulated adenylyl cyclases from cyanobacteria, suggesting the cAMP pathway is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for sensing CO 2 levels and/or acid/base conditions. Reports of sAC...

... of the presence of a Root effect (a reduction in oxygen carrying capacity of the blood with a reduction in pH), the latter could otherwise be impaired. However, plasma-accessible carbonic anhydrase (CA) at the tissues (and absence at the gills) may result in selective short-circuiting of RBC βNHE pH regulation...

... of the marine fish intestine. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 21 10 2009 © 2010. 2010 anion exchange SLC4 water absorption carbonic anhydrase acid–base balance During the last decade, intestinal HCO 3 – secretion via apical Cl – /HCO 3 – exchange...

...K. M. Gilmour; K. Thomas; A. J. Esbaugh; S. F. Perry SUMMARY Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is critical for CO 2 excretion in adult fish, but little is known of the expression or function of CA during early development. The present study examined the hypothesis that, as rates of CO 2 production increased...

... digestive environment in the midgut. The probable principle anion influencing the highly alkaline gut lumen is bicarbonate/carbonate. Bicarbonate/carbonate is regulated at least in part by the activity of carbonic anhydrases. Hence, we have focused attention on the carbonic anhydrases of the mosquito larva...

...K. M. Gilmour; S. F. Perry SUMMARY Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is the zinc metalloenzyme that catalyses the reversible reactions of CO 2 with water. CA plays a crucial role in systemic acid–base regulation in fish by providing acid–base equivalents for exchange with the environment. Unlike air...

... and posterior regions. The anterior segment is probably absorptive. The middle midgut secretes acid (pH<4.0), a process dependent on a carbonic-anhydrase-catalysed H + pool. Cells of the middle segment are alternately absorptive (apically amplified by ≈9-fold, basally amplified by >90-fold) and secretory...

... electrophoresis verified the presence of a single product. Gene-specific primers used were the same as in Nawata et al.( Nawata et al., 2007 ) for expression of elongation factor-1α (EF-1α; GenBank AF498320),H + -ATPase (V-type, B subunit; GenBank AF14002), carbonic anhydrase-2 (cytoplasmic, CA-2; GenBank...

... published data exist on the recta of anopheline larvae. To gain insight into the structure and functions of this organ in anopheline species, we used immunohistochemistry to compare the localization of three proteins [carbonic anhydrase (CA9),Na + /K + P-ATPase and H + V-ATPase] in the recta of anopheline...

... microfluometrically whether V-ATPase and carbonic anhydrase (CA) are involved in intracellular pH (pH i ) regulation,and we have localized CA activity by histochemistry. We show: (1) mean pH i in salivary gland cells is 7.5±0.3 pH units( N =96), higher than that expected from passive H + distribution; (2) low 5-HT...

... for the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA). CA has been cloned from the alimentary canal epithelium of Anopheles gambiae larvae and can generate bicarbonate, which is implicated as a buffer for the larval lumen. The question remains as to how the bicarbonate is transported from the cells into the lumen. We...

...Laetitia Serrano; Kenneth M. Halanych; Raymond P. Henry SUMMARY Two isoforms of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA) in the blue crab gill,CasCAg and CasCAc, were identified, sequenced, and found to match the membrane-associated and cytoplasmic isoforms, respectively. The membrane-associated isoform...

... ion absorption from food when it is present in the gut. Modulation of net ion flux occurred without changes in mRNA levels of many ion transporters (Na + /K + -ATPase α 1a ,carbonic anhydrase 2, CFTR Cl – channel,Na + /K + /2Cl – cotransporter 2, and the signalling protein 14-3-3a), and before...