... still know remarkably little about what makes captive animals different from wild ones. Discovering these mechanisms should be an important goal for experimental biologists in the future. Competitive interactions among species – which Gause identified as being fundamentally important for shaping...

... at night when circulating concentrations of melatonin are elevated. Previous work measured nocturnal melatonin levels of migratory birds only in captive animals, because free-living individuals are usually caught in the daytime. In this study, we compared nocturnal melatonin levels of European robins...

...-allocation hypothesis). Here in wild-caught house sparrows ( Passer domesticus ), we tested the second hypothesis, asking whether sustained elevation of baseline glucocorticoids, due to captivity, caused a greater rate of decline in immune functions than flight performance. A greater decline in immune...

...Lynn B. Martin; Laura Kidd; Andrea L. Liebl; Courtney A. C. Coon SUMMARY Some species thrive in captivity but others exhibit extensive psychological and physiological deficits, which can be a challenge to animal husbandry and conservation as well as wild immunology. Here, we investigated whether...

... in discrimination factors (Δ 15 N and Δ 13 C): the effect of diet isotopic values and applications for diet reconstruction . J. Appl. Ecol. 46 , 443 - 453 . Cherel Y. , Hobson K. A. , Hassani S. ( 2005 ). Isotopic discrimination between food and blood and feathers of captive penguins...