... muscle function biarticular fascicle strain electromyography (EMG) Capra hircus kinematics triceps Muscle–tendon units (MTUs) in animal limbs can be categorized as monoarticular if they cross one joint, biarticular if they cross two joints,and multiarticular if they cross three or more...

... tested using finite element modeling. Three-dimensional models of domesticated goat ( Capra hircus ) skulls were constructed, with variable frontal bone and frontal sinus morphology, and loaded to simulate various head-butting behaviors. In general, models with sinuses experienced higher strain energy...