... for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 19 10 2011 © 2012. 2012 electromyography EMG Canis locomotion symmetrical gait asymmetrical gait The extrinsic limb muscles are crucial functional components for locomotion in quadrupedal mammals. These muscles span the proximal fulcra...

... and hindlimb muscles to share the propulsive burden more equally during uphill trotting. This functional advantage is consistent with the anterior COM position of most terrestrial quadrupeds. [email protected] 19 10 2010 © 2011. 2011 Canis quadruped incline decline hill...

... of a parasagittal limb posture and greater sagittal mobility. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 24 1 2010 © 2010. 2010 back muscles EMG Canis trunk symmetrical gaits asymmetrical gaits The axial musculoskeletal system represents the ancestral engine...

... in the mid-trunk trials was significant in a binomial distribution test ( P =0.0006). * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 19 1 2009 2009 electromyogram EMG Canis longissimus multifidus trunk mammals dog The axial muscles of mammals serve...

... 0.573 2 German shepherd M C 23.5 0.525 5 Coonhound M D 33.1 0.556 9 German shepherd mix M E 31.6 0.498 2 Golden retriever F Five adult dogs ( Canis familiaris L.) of various breeds were used in this experiment. Subjects ranged in body mass from 23.5 to 34.5 kg...