... predictions that a strong jet force is produced during the flip as the tail adducts to the body are not supported by our simultaneous measurements of force production (using a transducer) and the kinematics (using high-speed video) of tail-flipping by the California spiny lobster Panulirus interruptus...

... the scaling of 12 morphological variables, five kinematic variables and six performance variables of tail-flipping by the California spiny lobster Panulirus interruptus . Growth approximated isometry, which validated the use of the proposed scaling hypotheses. For animals from 1 to 1000 g M b , the predicted...