... immune response in the absence of parasites to investigate whether there are incidental costs of fibrosis that could help explain why some fish forego this effective defense. To do this, we induced fibrosis in stickleback and then tested their C -start escape performance. Additionally, we measured...

... ( Catania, 2009 ). When fathead minnows were at a strike distance, the tentacled snakes generated a water flow with their bodies and induced a C -start in the fish, directed away from their body but into the snake's mouth. Prey fish cannot modify their escape response after their reaction to the body...

... of vaterite alters fish behaviour in ways that are likely to decrease survival. Behaviour C-start Escape trajectory Fish Salmonidae The escape response of an organism is generally its last line of defence against a predator. In fishes, the fast-start escape response is the main locomotor...

...Cees J. Voesenek; Remco P. M. Pieters; Florian T. Muijres; Johan L. van Leeuwen ABSTRACT Most fish species use fast starts to escape from predators. Zebrafish larvae perform effective fast starts immediately after hatching. They use a C -start, where the body curls into a C -shape, and then unfolds...

...Mike Fleuren; Johan L. van Leeuwen; Elsa M. Quicazan-Rubio; Remco P. M. Pieters; Bart J. A. Pollux; Cees J. Voesenek ABSTRACT Fish make C-starts to evade predator strikes. Double-bend (DB) C-starts consist of three stages: Stage 1, in which the fish rapidly bends into a C-shape; Stage 2, in which...

...Caroline Reinel; Stefan Schuster In their unique hunting behaviour, archerfish use a complex motor decision to secure their prey: based solely on how dislodged prey initially falls, they select an adapted C-start manoeuvre that turns the fish right towards the point on the water surface where...

...Iman Borazjani SUMMARY Fast starts are crucial in the survival of aquatic swimmers to capture prey or avoid predators. Currently, it is widely accepted that during C-starts: (1) the caudal fin generates a considerable hydrodynamic force; and (2) anal/dorsal fins are erected to significantly...

... in body shape. We simulated cyclic swimming and a spontaneous C-start. A rigorous comparison with 2-D particle image velocimetry and kinematics data revealed that the computational model accurately predicted the motion of the fish's centre of mass as well as the spatial and temporal characteristics...

... to increase acceleration away from the threat, yet the contribution of flexible median fins remains undescribed. To investigate the role of median fins, C-start escape responses of bluegill sunfish ( Lepomis macrochirus ) were recorded by three high-speed, high-resolution cameras at 500 frames s −1 and the 3...

...Brad A. Chadwell; Emily M. Standen; George V. Lauder; Miriam A. Ashley-Ross SUMMARY Although kinematic analysis of individual fin rays provides valuable insight into the contribution of median fins to C-start performance, it paints an incomplete picture of the complex movements and deformation...

...Iman Borazjani; Fotis Sotiropoulos; Eric D. Tytell; George V. Lauder SUMMARY In this work we study the hydrodynamics of a bluegill sunfish performing a C-start maneuver in unprecedented detail using 3-D numerical simulations guided by previous laboratory experiments with live fish. The 3-D fish...

... to predators. In this paper, we present an experimental hydrodynamic analysis of the C-start escape response in bluegill sunfish ( Lepomis macrochirus ). We used time-resolved digital particle image velocimetry at 1000 frames s –1 (fps)to image flow patterns during the escape response. We analyzed flow...

... of the intermediate flow regime manifest as a thick boundary layer and in the quick dying-off of the larval wake within less than half a second. undulatory swimming burst and coast C-start wake structure particle image velocimetry DPIV fish larvae Danio rerio Many organisms, ranging in size from...

... of the predictive starts do not compromise their performance. On the contrary, archer fish predictive starts are among the fastest C-starts known so far among teleost fish, with peak linear speed beyond 20 body lengths s -1 , angular speed over 4500 deg. s -1 , maximum linear acceleration of up to 12 times...

..., we provide a quantitative analysis of the recovery of C-starts that occur in adult goldfish after spinal cord injury. In addition, we include a qualitative analysis of the return of targeted feeding and equilibrium. Whole spinal cord crushes near the junction of the brain and spinal cord...

...Melina E. Hale SUMMARY The startle response is a model system for examining the neural basis of behavior because of its relatively simple neural circuit organization and kinematic pattern. In fishes, the two primary types of startle behavior differ in their initial movements. In the C-start type...

... on escape kinematics were analyzed statistically using analysis of covariance. Our results show that both larval and adult E. bislineata use a two-stage escape response (similar to the C-starts of fishes) that consists of a preparatory (stage 1) and a propulsive (stage 2) stroke. The duration of both...

... calculated from digitised outlines. Maximum accelerations at 0.3 FL (fork length) from the snout were 54 m s −2 for C-starts and 40 m s −2 for S-starts. The total turning angle was approximately 150 ° in C-starts. This angle was 70 ° during escape S-starts, significantly larger than for predatory S-starts...

..., we investigated the extent to which the observed thermal dependence of locomotor performance of fish simply reflects changes in the biophysical properties of the aqueous medium independent of the changing physiology of the animals. C-starts (escape swimming) of adult goldfish ( Carassius auratus...

... Pseudopleuronectes americanus Trinectes maculatus escape behavior fast-start C-start Mauthner cell jet propulsion locomotion Several groups of fishes have been shown to use or are suspected of using water jets from the opercular valves to aid locomotion ( Breder, 1924 , 1926 ; Gregory, 1928...