...Douglas S. Fudge; Joshua Lee; Kennedy Guillen; Cassandra M. Donatelli; Andrew Lowe; Luke Arnold; Keolani Kahale-Lua; Christian Quinteros; Peter Ly; Larissa Atkins; Noah Bressman; Charlene L. McCord ABSTRACT Myxine limosa is a burrowing species of hagfish that occurs in the western North Atlantic...

...) that controls extension/retraction of the foot, similar to Keber's valve. Bivalvia Phreagena Burrowing Foot chamber Keber's valve Heart rate MRI National Institute for Basic Biology http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100006324 22NIBB509 Japan Society for the Promotion of Science...

... of one aquatic family, all have an at least partly fossorial lifestyle. It has been suggested that caecilian evolution resulted in sturdy and compact skulls with fused bones and tight sutures, as an adaptation to their head-first burrowing habits. However, although their cranial osteology is well...

... gradually and were pointier. Larger and angular particles required higher penetration forces, although intermediate size spherical particles, consistent with coarse sand, required the lowest force. Particle size and head diameter effect were largest, indicating that fossorial burrowers should evolve narrow...

...Yi-Fen Lin; Nicolai Konow; Elizabeth R. Dumont ABSTRACT The interplay between morphological specialization and kinematic flexibility is important for organisms that move between habitats within different substrates. Burrowing is energetically expensive and requires substantial interaction with soil...

...Calli R. Freedman; Douglas S. Fudge ABSTRACT Hagfishes are able to squeeze through small openings to gain entry to crevices, burrows, hagfish traps and carcasses, but little is known about how they do this, or what the limits of this ability are. The purpose of this study was to describe...

...Jessica A. Kurth; William M. Kier ABSTRACT Many soft-bodied invertebrates use a flexible, fluid-filled hydrostatic skeleton for burrowing. The aim of our study was to compare the scaling and morphology between surface-dwelling and burrowing earthworm ecotypes to explore the specializations of non...

..., we calculate that the force output generated during both circular and longitudinal muscle contraction scales near isometry. We hypothesize that the allometric scaling of earthworms may reflect changes in soil properties and burrowing mechanics with size. * Author for correspondence ( jkurth...

...Amos G. Winter, V; Robin L. H. Deits; A. E. Hosoi SUMMARY Muscle measurements of Ensis directus , the Atlantic razor clam, indicate that the organism only has sufficient strength to burrow a few centimeters into the soil, yet razor clams burrow to over 70 cm. In this paper, we show that the animal...

... of previous studies because it is driven into the substrate for burrowing. There are two different types of skulls in caecilians: (1) stegokrotaphic, where the squamosal completely covers the temporal region and the jaw closing muscles, and (2) zygokrotaphic, with incomplete coverage of the temporal region...

... Iceland (IC). Frequent burrowing and physiological adjustments to low tissue oxygenation in the burrowed state are proposed to lower mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. We investigated burrowing patterns and shell water partial pressure of oxygen ( P O 2 ) in experiments with live...

...Kelly M. Dorgan; Stephane Lefebvre; Jonathon H. Stillman; M. A. R. Koehl SUMMARY Burrowing through marine sediments has been considered to be much more energetically expensive than other forms of locomotion, but previous studies were based solely on external work calculations and lacked...

...Elizabeth A. K. Murphy; Kelly M. Dorgan Burrowing marine infauna are morphologically diverse and ecologically important as ecosystem engineers. The polychaetes Nereis virens and Cirriformia moorei extend their burrows by crack propagation. Nereis virens does so by everting its pharynx and C. moorei...

...Nicholas J. Gidmark; James A. Strother; Jaquan M. Horton; Adam P. Summers; Elizabeth L. Brainerd SUMMARY Sand lances, fishes in the genus Ammodytes , exhibit a peculiar burrowing behavior in which they appear to swim rapidly into the substrate. They use posteriorly propagated undulations...

...James Che; Kelly M. Dorgan SUMMARY The polychaete Cirriformia moorei burrows in muddy sediments by fracture, using its hydrostatic skeleton to expand its anterior region and exert force against its burrow wall to extend a crack. Burrowing occurs in four phases: stretching forward into the burrow...

...Kelly M. Dorgan; Sanjay R. Arwade; Peter A. Jumars SUMMARY The polychaete Nereis virens burrows through muddy sediments by exerting dorsoventral forces against the walls of its tongue-depressor-shaped burrow to extend an oblate hemispheroidal crack. Stress is concentrated at the crack tip, which...

...Craig R. White; Philip G. D. Matthews; Roger S. Seymour SUMMARY Semi-fossorial animals (burrowing surface foragers) need to balance the competing morphological requirements of terrestrial and burrowing locomotion. These species rarely show the same degree of claw, forelimb and pectoral girdle...

... their nostrils. These `flushing movements' were subsequently found to temporarily increase the levels of interstitial oxygen in the soil around the head region. Flushing movements were more frequent while V̇ O 2 was higher during the burrowing process, and also in substrate with lower f a . We conclude...

... cost of burrowing, an important physiological trait in the pocket gopher, Thomomys bottae , correlates with genetic variability. Three pairs of pocket gopher populations were used, with each pair selected from a different subspecies and comprising one high genetic variability and one low genetic...

.... This study examined the ontogenetic effects of body size on force production by an organism supported with a hydrostatic skeleton. The earthworm Lumbricus terrestris burrows by forcefully enlarging crevices in the soil. I built a force-measuring apparatus that measured the radial forces as earthworms...