... scope to failure of the cardiovascular system at high temperatures. In the present study we investigate whether this ‘aerobic scope model’ applies to an air-breathing and semi-terrestrial vertebrate Rhinella marina (formerly Bufo marinus ). To quantify aerobic scope, we measured resting and maximal rate...

...Karina Kristensen; Pia Koldkjær; Michael Berenbrink; Tobias Wang SUMMARY The red blood cells (RBCs) of cane toad, Bufo marinus , are only partially saturated with oxygen in most of the circulation due to cardiac shunts that cause desaturation of arterial blood. The present study examines the oxygen...

... related species, Bufo marinus Linnaeus 1758, by testing the isometric contractile properties of three muscles, abductor indicus longus (AIL), and flexor carpi radialis (FCR) (both dimorphic muscles), and extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU) (non-dimorphic control). In males the dimorphic muscles had greater wet...

... and distribution of the urea transporter (UT) in the kidney of the marine toad( Bufo marinus ), and its expression in the kidney and urinary bladder following exposure to dry and hyper-saline conditions by means of cDNA cloning, semi-quantitative RT-PCR, immunoblot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The Bufo UT...

...Afshan Gheshmy; Robert Vukelich; Angelo Noronha; Stephen G. Reid SUMMARY Anuran amphibians have multiple populations of pH/CO 2 -sensitive respiratory-related chemoreceptors. This study examined in cane toads( Bufo marinus ) whether chronic hypercapnia (CHC) altered the pH/CO 2 sensitivity...

...Arne L. Viborg; Tobias Wang; Stanley D. Hillyard SUMMARY Blood cell flux (BCF) in the pelvic skin of Bufo marinus was lower than Bufo alvarius when toads rehydrated from deionised water (DI) or 50 mmol l –1 NaCl (NaCl). Despite the lower BCF in B. marinus , water absorption was not different...

...Brad R. S. Broughton; John A. Donald SUMMARY Nitric oxide (NO) signalling pathways were examined in the lateral aortae and dorsal aorta of the cane toad Bufo marinus . NADPH diaphorase histochemistry and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunohistochemistry found no evidence for endothelial NOS...

...Timothy K. Baker; Karina Rios; Stanley D. Hillyard SUMMARY The dorsal lingual epithelium from the tongue of the toad Bufo marinus was mounted in an Ussing-type chamber, and the short-circuit current ( I sc ) was measured using a low-noise voltage clamp. With NaCl Ringer bathing the mucosal...

...J. N. Stinner; L. K. Hartzler ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the effects of temperature upon pH, protein charge and acid–base-relevant ion exchange in air-breathing ectotherms. Plasma and skeletal muscles in cane toads ( Bufo marinus ) and bullfrogs ( Rana catesbeiana ) were...

...A. K. Gamperl; W. K. Milsom; A. P. Farrell; T. Wang ABSTRACT Central vascular blood flows and ventilation were measured in conscious toads ( Bufo marinus ) at 15 and 25 °C. The animals were exposed to hypoxia ( and 0.05, where is the fractional oxygen concentration of inspired air) at both...

...Daniel Markovich; Ralf R. Regeer ABSTRACT Membrane transport proteins (transporters and ion channels) have been extensively expressed in amphibian oocytes. The aims of this study were to determine whether oocytes from the cane toad Bufo marinus could be used as an alternative expression system...

... regulation in the conscious toad Bufo marinus using the angiotensin-converting enzyme blocker captopril. We found that conversion of endogenous ANG I to ANG II made a significant contribution to mean arterial pressure in undisturbed animals. The vascular tone contributed by ANG II was not mediated via alpha...

... to these organisms were examined in another species, Bufo marinus , in which a buffer-perfused heart was performing physiological levels of work. The in situ preparation demonstrated the Frank–Starling relationship and mechanical characteristics similar to the hearts of intact animals. The hearts recovered from 60...

...J. M. Jones; A. K. Gamperl; A. P. Farrell; D. P. Toews ABSTRACT Flow from the posterior lymph hearts of Bufo marinus was measured using Doppler flow probes. These probes were placed on the posterior vertebral vein and recorded flow as lymph was ejected from the heart. In resting, hydrated toads...

...Kiisa C. Nishikawa; Carl Gans ABSTRACT Electromyography, kinematic analysis, muscle stimulation and denervation techniques were used to investigate the muscular mechanisms of narial closure during breathing and of tongue protraction during prey capture in the marine toad Bufo marinus . Toads were...

... toad Bufo marinus temperature oxygen consumption carbon dioxide production respiratory exchange ratio acid–base balance extracellular carbon dioxide content intracellular carbon dioxide content Robin (1962) reported that the plasma pH of freshwater turtles ( Pseudemys scripta...

... have the potential to alter the distribution of cardiac output. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to measure cardiac output and peripheral resistance in undisturbed, conscious Bufo marinus and to determine the effect of increased ventilation, stimulated by CO 2 , on pulmocutaneous blood flow...

...Rhonda J. Garland; Daniel P. Toews REFERENCES Boutilier , R. G. and Heisler , N. ( 1988 ). Acid-base regulation and blood gases in the anuran amphibian, Bufo marinus , during environmental hypercapnia . J. exp. Biol . 134 , 79 – 98 . 10.1242/jeb.134.1.79 Boutilier...

...Judy M. Jones; Lee A. Wentzell; Daniel P. Toews ABSTRACT Posterior lymph heart pressure, rate and flow were measured in chronically cannulated Bufo marinus during normal hydrated and dehydrated conditions. A new surgical technique was developed which allowed direct and constant measurement...

...Gregory K. Snyder; James R. Nestler ABSTRACT We investigated the effects of hypercapnia on intracellular acid-base regulation in brain and liver of the toad Bufo marinus L. After 1 h at 5% CO 2 , arterial P CO 2 increased significantly, from 1.6±0.04 to 5.7±0.23kPa, while brain and liver...