... recoil have a lower thermal dependence than muscle-powered movements. We examined the prey capture behavior of toads ( Bufo terrestris ) using high speed imaging and electromyography to compare the effects of body temperature (11–35°C) on the kinematics, dynamics and motor control of two types...

... and estivation among non-estivating and estivating species of the anuran families Bufonidae,Leptodactylidae and Ranidae. Standard metabolic rates of the estivating Bufo alvarius, Ceratophrys ornata and Pyxicephalus adspersus were significantly less than those of the non-estivating Bufo marinus,Leptodactylus...

... 2003 2003 amphibian Bufo cardiovascular respiratory anaemia hypoxia cardiac shunt Several studies have shown that anurans (frogs and toads) increase ventilation, heart rate ( f H) and pulmocutaneous blood flow( Q̇ pc ) in response to low oxygen levels ( Boutilier and Toews,1977...

... amphibian species (Bufo marinus, Ambystoma tigrinum, Rana catesbeiana, Necturus maculosus and Xenopus laevis) . Although urea i /urea e ratios were uniformly close to 1·0, Tamm i /Tamm e ratios correlated directly with the degree of ammoniotelism in each species, ranging from 9·1 (Bufo , 10% ammoniotelic...