... use videography to film wasps during substrate boring and analyse buckling of the ovipositor to estimate the forces required for substrate boring. Together, these results allow us to describe the biomechanical principles underlying substrate boring in parasitoid ichneumonid wasps. Such studies may...

... for correspondence (e-mail: jaff@fisica.ufmg.br ) 19 1 2004 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2004 2004 bone allometry mammals stress buckling locomotion muscle force Mammalian long-bone allometry is commonly discussed in terms of the allometric exponents d and l that relate...