... a pulmonary shunt and limiting gas uptake at depth, which reduces the risk of GE during long and deep dives. Elevated sympathetic tone caused by forced submersion during entanglement with fishing gear increases the pulmonary blood flow causing an increase in N 2 uptake, potentially leading to the formation...

.... Exp. Biol.   219 , 1093 - 1105 . 10.1242/jeb.120477 Blix , A. S. and Folkow , B. ( 1983 ). Cardiovascular adjustments to diving in mammals and birds . In Handbook of Physiology. The Cardiovascular System III. Peripheral Circulation and Organ Blood Flow (ed. J. T.   Shepherd...

...Qiaohui Hu; Thomas J. Nelson; Edward P. Snelling; Roger S. Seymour ABSTRACT The nutrient artery passes through the nutrient foramen on the shaft of the femur and supplies more than half of the total blood flow to the bone. Assuming that the size of the nutrient foramen correlates with the size...

... measured blood flows and pressures in anaesthetized Python regius . The anaesthetized snakes exhibited the archetypal tachycardia as well as a rise in both venous pressure and MCFP that fully account for the approximate doubling of stroke volume. There was no rise in blood volume and the elevated MCFP must...

... anaconda Eunectes notaeus , the varanid lizard Varanus exanthematicus and the bearded dragon Pogona vitticeps . To simulate changes in vascular bed resistance, pulmonary and systemic afterloads were independently manipulated and changes in blood flow distribution amongst the central outflow tracts were...

...-sectional area of the nutrient foramen of the femur represents an index of blood flow rate to the shaft and thus provides insight into the animal's level of activity. Morphometric data on femoral length, mass and foramen size from 100 extant bird species and eight extinct moa species were analysed...

...Stanley S. Hillman; Michael S. Hedrick; Zachary F. Kohl Amphibians have a single ventricle and common conus arteriosus that produces an equal pressure to the parallel pulmocutaneous and systemic vascular circuits. The distribution of blood flows between the pulmocutaneous ( ) and systemic...

... the vessels' density in the region serving the foveal and binocular visual fields. Here, we present a study of spectacle blood flow dynamics and provide evidence of a mechanism to mitigate the spectacle blood vessels' deleterious effect on vision by regulation of blood flow through them. It was found...

... ( [email protected] ) 21 7 2011 © 2011. 2011 aerobic dive limit blood flow heart rate hemoglobin hypoxemia marine mammals metabolic rate myoglobin oxygen stores penguins re-perfusion injury seals In a landmark paper in diving physiology, Kooyman and co-workers...

...Joshua J. Amiel; Beverly Chua; Richard J. Wassersug; David R. Jones SUMMARY Regional control of blood flow is often suggested as a mechanism for fine thermoregulatory adjustments in snakes. However, the flow of blood to different body regions at various temperatures has never been visualized...

... pythons ( Python molurus ) experience similar increases in metabolic rate during the digestion of a meal as they do while crawling, hence each would have an equal demand for vascular supply when these two actions are combined. To determine, for the Burmese python, whether blood flow is prioritized when...

... for forward and rearward flow and supplies the peripheral circulation through segmental efferent vessels. In comparison, the synchronous heart pumps less blood, most of which enters the segmental circulation. The heart sphincter, located in the posterior section of each heart segment, directs blood flow...

... of guinea fowl running on the level and uphill using both organismal energy expenditure(oxygen consumption) and muscle blood flow measurements. We tested each bird under four conditions: (1) rest, (2) a moderate-speed level run at 1.5 m s –1 , (3) an incline run at 1.5 m s –1 with a 15% gradient and (4...

... between the rates of skeletal muscle blood flow and oxygen consumption( V̇ O 2 ). In active muscle, during aerobically supported exercise, there is a linear relationship between these variables, irrespective of the muscle fiber type and intensity of exercise through most of the aerobic exercise range. We...

... by measuring blood flow to all of the leg muscles using injected microspheres. Total blood flow to the leg muscles increased by approximately 15% under both loading conditions, which matched the percentage increase in net organismal metabolic rate. Significant increases in energy use(inferred from blood flow...

... as BCF while heart rate remained relatively constant, suggesting redistribution of blood flow. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 21 12 2005 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2006 2006 toad Bufo marinus Bufo alvarius water absorption blood flow...

...Nini Skovgaard; Daniel E. Warren; Donald C. Jackson; Tobias Wang SUMMARY The effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) on systemic and pulmonary circulation were investigated in anaesthetised freshwater turtles ( Trachemys scripta ) instrumented with arterial catheters and blood flow probes. Bolus intra...

... ) saline for 10-15 min prior to initiating blood flow. Arterial blood pH (pHa), P CO2 ( P a CO2 ) and P O2 ( P a O2 ) were measured using Metrohm(model 6.0204.100, Brinckman Instruments, Canada, Ltd., Mississuaga, ON,Canada; pH) and Cameron Instruments (CO 2 , O 2 ) electrodes housed in thermostatted...

... on cutaneous gas exchange in the xeric-adapted toad Bufo woodhousei . First, two pharmacological agents were used to stimulate cutaneous blood flow - phentolamine (an α-blocker) and isoproterenol, aβ-stimulant and powerful cardio-accelerator - to determine a relationship between cutaneous blood flow and water...

... of heart rate and blood flow to both the pulmonary and systemic circulations, which was not cholinergically mediated. Blood pressure remained constant during both warming and cooling,while systemic resistance decreased during heating and increased during cooling, indicating a barostatic response...