... for clarity). Muscle forces can be rescaled such that each model produces the same bite reaction force. As models have been scaled to the same size, this approach aims to simulate relative (size-independent) bite force. (B) When models retain their natural size and instead have muscle forces scaled to size...

... that potentially allow them to meet conflicting demands. Muscle contraction Contractile velocity Twitch time Contractile properties Muscle fatigue Feeding Locomotion Bite force National Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001 IOS-2038528 Human Frontier Science...

... individuals adopted each antipredator strategy, and then quantified the performance capacities underlying each strategy. In particular, we measured bite force as a determinant for aggression, sprint velocity for fleeing, and degree of color change for crypsis. We found that aggression was predicted by traits...

... continuous intake and comminution by grinding, resulting in posterior tooth positions mainly processing food already partly comminuted and moistened. Pelleted diets require crushing, which exerts higher loads, especially on posterior tooth positions, where bite forces are highest. These differences...

... hardness. Bite force Disruptive selection Estrildidae Feeding Polymorphism Seedcracker The African seedcracker Pyrenestes ostrinus (Estrildidae; Fig. 1 ) is distributed across West and Central Africa, an area with a tropical continental climate and little variability in the annual...

... during food uptake, processing and intraoral transport cycles. Bite force measurements showed prolonged and reasonably hard biting even at large gape angles. Based on these data, we formulate a model of the amphikinetic A. kitaibelii skull mechanism, which provides an extension of Frazzetta's quadric...

... bite force in the African pygmy mouse, Mus minutoides. This species displays an unusual sex determination system, with sex-reversed, X*Y females carrying a feminizing X* chromosome. X*Y females cannot be differentiated from XX females based on external or gonadal morphology; however, they are known...

...François Therrien; Annie Quinney; Kohei Tanaka; Darla K. Zelenitsky ABSTRACT Mandibular force profiles apply the principles of beam theory to identify mandibular biomechanical properties that reflect the bite force and feeding strategies of extant and extinct predators. While this method uses...

... of winning in battles. The fact that this also decreases the mechanical advantage is largely compensated for by elongated in-levers. As a result, high muscle forces are correlated with elevated bite forces (0.27–7.6 N; factor of 28). Despite the large difference in the forcefulness of their bite, all...

... by treating individuals separately to reduce pseudoreplication, our approach resulted in high statistical power despite small sample sizes. We fitted lizard adhesive performance and bite force data to the Weibull distribution and found that it closely estimated maximum performance in both cases, illustrating...

... and comparing them between insect groups could yield insights into evolutionary patterns and functional constraints. Here, we developed a mathematical inverse dynamic model including distinct muscles for an insect head–mandible–muscle complex based on micro-computed tomography (µCT) data and bite force...

... pavement-like tooth plates, and large muscles that generate bite forces capable of fracturing stiff biological composites (e.g. mollusk shell). The relative proportion of different prey types in the diet of durophagous rays varies between genera, with some stingray species specializing on particular...

...A. Kristopher Lappin; Marc E. H. Jones Bite-force performance is an ecologically important measure of whole-organism performance that shapes dietary breadth and feeding strategies and, in some taxa, determines reproductive success. It also is a metric that is crucial to testing and evaluating...

... wrasses (Labridae). As these fishes predominately capture prey via biting, we modeled bite force using MandibLever (v3.3) to create an ontogenetic trajectory of bite force for each species. Our results indicate that cleaner fishes in Thalassoma , as juveniles, possess jaws with low mobility that exhibit...

... apparatuses are favoured to win the male–male fights, but it was unclear whether male stag beetles also need to produce high bite forces while grabbing and lifting opponents in fights. We show that male Cyclommatus metallifer stag beetles bite three times as forcefully as females. This is not entirely...

... sprinting on an incline. Females, however, showed no evidence of this trade-off on either flat or inclined surfaces. The sex specificity of this trade-off suggests that the sexes differ in their optimal strategies for dealing with the conflicting requirements of bite force and sprint speed. Unlike males...

... species. Bite force measurements show Rhagodes ( N =11) to be a much stronger biter than Galeodes ( N =8), in terms of both absolute maximum force ( Rhagodes 5.63 N, Galeodes 2.12 N) and force relative to cheliceral size. Synchrotron microtomographs of one specimen for each species reveal large...

... high bite-force generation necessary to overcome the physical constraints of consuming more durable prey, durophagous taxa are well suited for investigations of the scaling relationships between musculoskeletal growth, bite-force generation and dietary ontogeny. To elucidate which biomechanical factors...

... on their feet for killing prey, falcons tend to employ their beaks. Consequently, falcons are expected to achieve relatively greater bite forces, and hawks are expected to generate relatively greater grip forces. Force estimates predicted from musculoskeletal morphology in a previous study indicated...

...J. L. Davis; S. E. Santana; E. R. Dumont; I. R. Grosse SUMMARY Bite force is a measure of whole-organism performance that is often used to investigate the relationships between performance, morphology and fitness. When in vivo measurements of bite force are unavailable, researchers often turn...