..., flight muscles, neuro-muscular control) of vertebrates is fine-tuned for efficient flight. I review causes and consequences of wear, damage and moult gaps that temporarily affect wing morphology and flight performance. Bird flight Bat flight Wing wear Aerodynamics Kinematics Drag...

... specialization in movement mechanics. We explore this prediction in bats by probing the linkage between bat roosting ecology and bat landing mechanics using Thyroptera tricolor – a species with highly derived roosting habits – as a case study. Biomechanics Bat flight Roosting ecology Landing...

...Anders Hedenström; L. Christoffer Johansson ABSTRACT Bats evolved the ability of powered flight more than 50 million years ago. The modern bat is an efficient flyer and recent research on bat flight has revealed many intriguing facts. By using particle image velocimetry to visualize wake vortices...

..., Hatfield AL9 7TA, UK ‡ Present address: Department of Biology, City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA * Author for correspondence ([email protected]) 21 7 2010 © 2010. 2010 bat flight kinematics wake structure Considerable effort has...

... for a male bat). The highest three of these masses incorporated artificial loads. Stroboscopic stereophotogrammetry was used to make three-dimensional reconstructions (n =124) of the bats’ flight paths. Over the entire range of experiments, wing loading was increased by 44% for the female and 46...

...). The physiology and energetics of bat flight . J, exp. Biol . 57 , 317 – 335 . 10.1242/jeb.57.2.317 Torre-Bueno , J. R. (1978a). Evaporative cooling and water balance during flight in birds . J, exp. Biol . 75 , 231 – 236 . 10.1242/jeb.75.1.231 Torre-Bueno , J. R. (1978b...

... at the higher airspeeds that they would not achieve maximum flight range in still air at the velocity where cost of locomotion is lowest. Contrary to a common assumption, flight range would be maximized at the V mp . 2 8 1984 © 1985 by Company of Biologists 1985 Bat flight metabolism heart...