... the behavioral changes that vertebrate animals experience following infection. We then compare and contrast the physiological mechanisms responsible for generating these sickness behaviors across different taxa. Bacteria Parasite Pathogen Infection Diseases Sickness behavior Fever Cytokines...

... biofilms exist on immersed surfaces on which they attach, barnacles must interact with bacteria during initial attachment and subsequent growth. The objective of this study was to characterize the developing interface of the barnacle and substratum during this key developmental transition to inform...

...Alexandra A. Mushegian; Elodie Burcklen; Tobias M. M. Schär; Dieter Ebert ABSTRACT The environments in which animals develop and evolve are profoundly shaped by bacteria, which affect animals both indirectly through their role in biogeochemical processes and directly through antagonistic...

... or >3 μm were rarely accumulated. Carboxylate microspheres were accumulated more than sulfate or amine microspheres. These results of accumulation in the absence of food probably well simulate uptake of or feeding on the microspheres. Presence of food bacteria even at bacteria:nematode ratios of 1:100...

... screening metagenomics genome sequencing bacteria microorganism The first bacterial genome, that of Haemophilus influenzae , was published in 1995 ( Fleischmann et al.,1995 ). This was the first sequence of a free-living species to be completely decoded. The genome was sequenced...

...-binding domain K+ transport system archaea bacteria © The Company of Biologists Limited 1998 30 7 1998 22 9 1998 * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) ...

... the true net movement of Na + itself. ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1994 ion exchange bacteria plant transport antiport Note that Ussing’s conceptual analysis of exchange is the same as that offered by Widdas (1952) in the latter’s presentation of the more general idea...