... ubiquitous in natural habitats. Hummingbirds are ideal organisms for studying the influence of freestream turbulence on flight, as they forage in a variety of aerial conditions and are powerful flyers. We filmed ruby-throated hummingbirds ( Archilochus colubris ) maintaining position at a feeder in laminar...

... increases hummingbird hovering performance when birds are simultaneously challenged aerodynamically. We measured the maximum duration of hovering flight while simultaneously monitoring the rate of oxygen consumption of ruby-throated hummingbirds ( Archilochus colubris ) in low-density heliox that was either...

... 20 1 1998 5 3 1998 © 1998 The Company of Biologists Limited 1998 flight energetics hovering flight hummingbirds mechanical power output metabolic heat production muscle mechanical efficiency oxygen consumption temperature thermoregulation Archilochus colubris...

... . 10 3 1997 © 1997 The Company of Biologists Ltd. 1997 air density body mass flight feathers heliox hovering flight hummingbird Archilochus colubris lift coefficient moult muscle power and efficiency oxygen consumption wing area loss Moulting of the feathers must...

...Peng Chai; Johnny S. C. Chen; Robert Dudley ABSTRACT Maximal load-lifting capacities of six ruby-throated hummingbirds ( Archilochus colubris ) were determined under conditions of burst performance. Mechanical power output under maximal loading was then compared with maximal hovering performance...

... hummingbirds ( Archilochus colubris ) was manipulated non-invasively using hyperoxic but hypodense gas mixtures of sea-level air combined with heliox containing 35 % O 2 . This manipulation sheds light on the interplay among metabolic power input, mechanical power output and aerodynamic force production...

... metabolism via variable oxygen partial pressure and/or altered flight mechanics via variable air densities. Limits to the locomotor capacity of hovering ruby-throated hummingbirds ( Archilochus colubris ) were unequivocally indicated by aerodynamic failure in either air/helium or air/heliox mixtures. Air...