... efficiency, revealing sophisticated strategies to navigate diverse hydrodynamic landscapes and highlighting the need for habitat complexity in conservation. U-shaped curve Aquatic locomotion Energetics Locomotion Swimming Hydrodynamics Habitat restoration Company of Biologists http...

... and Mechanical Engineering, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA 25 6 2012 5 11 2012 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 aquatic locomotion gymnotiform swimming swimming gait transition Locomotion using undulating dorsal or anal fins is a mode...

.... * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 14 8 2008 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2008 2008 aquatic locomotion vortex shedding propulsion vortex rings N.A.P. led...

...T. J. Uriona; C. G. Farmer SUMMARY We used electromyography on juvenile American alligators to test the hypothesis that the following muscles, which are known to play a role in respiration, are recruited for aquatic locomotion: M. diaphragmaticus, M. ischiopubis, M. rectus abdominis, M...

... and aquatic locomotion in the salamander Ambystoma tigrinum. J. Exp. Biol. 162 , 107 -130. Full, R. J. and Tullis, A. ( 1990 ). Energetics of ascent: insects on inclines. J. Exp. Biol. 149 , 307 -317. Gao, K.-Q. and Shubin, N. H. ( 2001 ). Late Jurassic salamanders from northern China...

..., as is the case for terrestrial locomotion ( Alexander, 1989 ),but instead to meet the greater power requirements required at these higher swimming speeds. For aquatic locomotion, gait transition may have more to do with generating the rapidly increasing thrust necessary to swim faster in such a dense and viscous...

... to squeeze fluid out of the gap created by the cephalothorax and the abdomen at the end of tail flexion. This squeeze force overwhelms any propulsive drag forces that arise from the tail-flip. Using the theoretical analysis, we identify two additional features about unsteady, rotational aquatic locomotion...