... cloned two genes from the marine mollusk Aplysia dactylomela which encode multi-transmembrane proteins. We have performed in situ hybridization that reveals expression and spatial distribution within the long-distance chemosensory organs, the rhinophores. This finding suggests that they could...

...Nimrod Miller; Ayelet Katzoff; Abraham J. Susswein SUMMARY Aplysia egg laying is a complex behavior requiring synchronized activity in many organs. Aspects of the behavior are synchronized via the direct effects of peptide bag cell neurohormones and via stimuli arising during the behavior. Stimuli...

... understood. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 8 9 2005 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2005 2005 thyroid hormone mollusc echinoderm iodine nuclear hormone receptor non-genomic action sea urchin Aplysia Many structurally similar signaling...

...Kosei Sasaki; Fumihiro Morishita; Yasuo Furukawa SUMMARY The arterial system of the marine mollusc Aplysia consists of three major arteries. One of them, the abdominal aorta, has a sphincter (the vasoconstrictor muscle) at the base of the artery. Contraction of this muscle reduces the blood flow...

... such as gastropod feeding may provide a model for understanding the functional properties of more complex systems. In Aplysia , head-lifting and head-waving movements that function in orientation towards food are produced by neck muscles innervated by motoneurones in the cerebral, pleural and pedal ganglia...

...T. Teyke; K. R. Weiss; I. Kupfermann ABSTRACT The cerebral B cluster neurones of Aplysia californica were studied under experimental conditions designed to evoke head movements in a selective fashion: either to approach an appetitive stimulus, or to withdraw from an aversive one. Intracellular...

...Miriam Levy; Yair Achituv; Abraham J. Susswein ABSTRACT Respiratory pumping in Aplysia is a well-characterized behaviour controlled by identified neurones, but its function is unknown. To gain insight into the function of this behaviour, respiratory pumping and oxygen consumption were examined...

...Ken Lukowiak; Elaine Colebrook ABSTRACT In a semi-intact preparation of Aplysia californica Cooper, classical conditioning training leads to changes in the synaptic strength at the sensory-motor neurone synapse. However, these changes are neither necessary nor sufficient to bring about the observed...

...Elaine Colebrook; Ken Lukowiak ABSTRACT A semi-intact preparation of Aplysia californica was used to monitor simultaneously behavioural and motor neurone responses during classical conditioning of the gill withdrawal reflex. Gill motor neurone responses and gill withdrawal responses were both...

...David P. Lotshaw; Edwin S. Levitan; Irwin B. Levitan ABSTRACT The identified neurone R15 in the abdominal ganglion of the marine mollusc, Aplysia californica, exhibits a rhythmic bursting pattern of electrical activity. This pattern, which is generated endogenously by the interaction of several...

...Graham P. Ferguson; David W. Parsons; Andries Ter Maat; Harold M. Pinsker ABSTRACT The neuroendocrine bag cells of the hermaphroditic marine gastropod, Aplysia , secrete peptide hormones that induce release of ripe eggs from the ovotestis. The egg string is subsequently deposited on the substrate...

...Roger P. Croll ABSTRACT The frequency of respiratory pumping in Aplysia increases when CO 2 is bubbled through the bathing sea water. Air, O 2 and N 2 do not have this effect. The sensitivity to CO 2 may be mediated by receptors which are sensitive to pH changes within the range encountered during...

...R. D. Hawkins ABSTRACT The defensive siphon and gill withdrawal of Aplysia is a simple reflex, mediated by a well-defined neural circuit, that exhibits sensitization in response to strong stimulation of the tail. The siphon withdrawal reflex also exhibits classical conditioning when a weak stimulus...