...Linnea E. Pearson; Emma L. Weitzner; Lars Tomanek; Heather E. M. Liwanag ABSTRACT Allocation of energy to thermoregulation greatly contributes to the metabolic cost of endothermy, especially in extreme ambient conditions. Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii) pups born in Antarctica must survive...

... , 213 - 220 . Kooyman , G. L. and Kooyman , T. G. (1995). Diving behavior of emperor penguins nurturing chicks at Coulman Island, Antarctica . The Condor 97 , 536 - 549 . 10.2307/1369039 Kooyman , G. L. and Ponganis , P. J. (1994). Emperor penguin oxygen...

... to cope with cold snaps and diurnal temperature fluctuations. RCH has a well-established role in extending lower lethal limits, but its ability to prevent sublethal cold injury has received less attention. The Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica , is Antarctica's only endemic insect and has a well-studied...

...Ilaria Giovannini; Tiziana Altiero; Roberto Guidetti; Lorena Rebecchi ABSTRACT Because conditions in continental Antarctica are highly selective and extremely hostile to life, its biota is depauperate, but well adapted to live in this region. Global climate change has the potential to impact...

..., Antarctica, to elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide (P CO 2 ) [420 (ambient), 650 (moderate) and 1050 (high) μatm P CO 2 ] over a 1 month period. We examined cardiorespiratory physiology, including heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output and ventilation rate, whole organism metabolism via oxygen...

... exposed to a temperature increase of 2°C show an 84% reduction in growth, in contrast to a complete temperature compensation of routine metabolism. Antarctica Climate change Teleost Energy budget Growth Production Thermal tolerance Changes in sea temperature can affect...

...Nicholas M. Teets; David L. Denlinger; Shireen A. Davies; Julian A. T. Dow; Ken Lukowiak Abiotic stress is one of the primary constraints limiting the range and success of arthropods, and nowhere is this more apparent than Antarctica. Antarctic arthropods have evolved a suite of adaptations to cope...

... and mitochondrial ultrastructure of Clione antarctica from the Southern Ocean (−1.8°C) and populations of a sister species, Clione limacina , from the Arctic (−0.5 to 3°C) and from the North Atlantic (10°C). We also measured oxygen consumption and the activity of the mitochondrial enzyme citrate synthase (CS...

..., Southern California, where the water temperature was approximately 18°C. The temperature range for this species is ∼14–22°C. Pareledone sp. (hereafter referred to as ‘Antarctic’) was collected next to McMurdo Station, Antarctica, where the water temperature remains a constant –1.8°C throughout the year...

... the biological effects of UV-B, in situ experiments were conducted at Cape Armitage in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (77.06°S, 164.42°E) on the common Antarctic sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri Meissner (Echinoidea) over two consecutive 4-day periods in the spring of 2008 (26–30 October and 1–5 November...

...Michael A. Elnitsky; Joshua B. Benoit; Giancarlo Lopez-Martinez; David L. Denlinger; Richard E. Lee, Jr SUMMARY Summer storms along the Antarctic Peninsula can cause microhabitats of the terrestrial midge Belgica antarctica to become periodically inundated with seawater from tidal spray...

... Antarctica Southern Ocean McMurdo Sound oxygen diffusion egg mass nudibranch marine temperature global warming size polar gigantism Tritonia Temperature has strong effects on the oxygen budget of ectothermic organisms through its effect on metabolic rate (=O 2 consumption). At higher...

...Craig E. Franklin; William Davison; Frank Seebacher SUMMARY Antarctic fish Pagothenia borchgrevinki in McMurdo Sound,Antarctica, inhabit one of the coldest and most thermally stable of all environments. Sea temperatures under the sea ice in this region remain a fairly constant –1.86°C year round...

... species Sterechinus neumayeri (Antarctica), Evechinus chloroticus (New Zealand) and Diadema setosum (Tropical Australia) spanning a latitudinal gradient from polar (77.86°S) to tropical (19.25°S) environments. We compared rates of photoreactivation as a function of ambient and experimental temperature...

... bernacchii Notothenioid Antarctica The endemic Antarctic fishes, confined by the establishment of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, have evolved under near-freezing water temperatures for between 14 and 25 million years(Eastman, 1993). During this period, these fishes have acquired a truly cold...

... adrenaline noradrenaline cortisol tyrosine hydroxylase teleost Antarctica The typical vertebrate stress response is characterised by adjustments in respiratory, circulatory, osmotic and metabolic variables mediated by the release of the primary stress hormones, catecholamines (noradrenaline...

... aerobic diving limit Antarctica catheter time/depth recorder sub-ice observation chamber Weddell seal emperor penguin Aptenodytes forsteri Emperor penguins Aptenodytes forsteri can dive as deep as 534 m (Kooyman and Kooyman, 1995) and for as long as 22 min (Robertson, 1995). Frequency...

... consumption between submergence and surface periods remain, however, unclear. 02 01 1996 ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1996 swimming speed dive duration time–depth recorders external instrumentation flipper bands respirometry aerobic dive limit Antarctica king penguin...

... periods while awake and during diving periods with the seals breathing at the surface of the water in an experimental sea-ice hole in Antarctica. Oxygen consumption during diving was not elevated over resting values but was statistically about 1.5 times greater than sleeping values. The metabolic rate...

... horizontally imply that krill may have a gravity sense that could help them orient in darkness. 06 08 1987 © 1988 by Company of Biologists 1988 krill photophore Antarctica Euphausia light-following The Antarctic krill, (Euphausia superba) , is a euphausiid crustacean...