... sensing molecules and their receptors; Eldar, 2011 ), or between proteins or RNAs. In both cases, recognition (by ‘predator’) versus evasion (by ‘prey’) shapes the paradigm of antagonism. One signature that such arms races leave on protein-coding genes of hosts and pathogens is the higher probability...

...William M. Kier Summary A remarkably diverse group of organisms rely on a hydrostatic skeleton for support, movement, muscular antagonism and the amplification of the force and displacement of muscle contraction. In hydrostatic skeletons, force is transmitted not through rigid skeletal elements...

... to stress (including aggression) and passively allowing aggression, and finally (4) chronically applied 5-HT and glucocorticoids inhibit aggression. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 28 9 2006 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2006 2006 antagonism attack...

... respectively. However, no synergistic or additive effect was observed when these two peptides were tested simultaneously. We then investigated antagonism between second messengers: dose–response curves were constructed for stimulation of Tenebrio molitor tubules by cyclic AMP and their inhibition by cyclic GMP...