... cohesion within a closely spaced social unit. Here, we test these hypotheses by combining measures of ambient noise levels and coda click source levels with models of sound propagation to estimate the active space of coda communication. Coda clicks were localized off the island of Dominica with a four...

..., ecological, and anthropogenic influences on activity budgets of long-finned pilot whales . Ecosphere 8 , e02044 . 10.1002/ecs2.2044 Janik , V. M. ( 2000 ). Source levels and the active space of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) whistles in the Moray Firth, Scotland . J. Comp...

... active. The source level of the bigeye vocalisation was 115.8±0.2 dB re. 1 µPa at 1 m, which is relatively quiet compared with other soniferous fish. Effective calling range, or active space, depended on both season and lunar phase, with a maximum calling distance of 31.6 m and a minimum of 0.6 m...

...Richard A. Peters; Christopher S. Evans SUMMARY The efficacy of any animal signal is constrained by the range over which it remains above the sensory threshold of potential receivers. The spatial area in which reliable detection occurs defines active space; this is influenced by signal structure...

... 92037-0116, USA. 21 10 1996 © The Company of Biologists Limited 1997 active space animal communication bioacoustics calling area calling range infrasound elephants Many animal species use long-range calls to establish their use of space and their relationships...