Issues
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Cover image
Cover Image
Cover: The Eurasian nuthatch and many other songbirds rely on seeds as a major food source. Seed cracking is considered one of the most sophisticated tasks of the beak, and we still know little about which beak movements songbirds use to position, crack and dehusk seeds. Mielke and Van Wassenbergh (jeb244360) tested functional hypotheses about beak movement during seed processing in a granivorous songbird (Serinus canaria), showing that their beak performs extremely fast and complex three-dimensional movements. This adds novel insights to our knowledge on diet-related functional adaptation in songbirds. Photo credit: Maja Mielke.
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INSIDE JEB
SHORT COMMUNICATIONS
Coping with captivity: takeoff speed and load-lifting capacity are unaffected by substantial changes in body condition for a passerine bird
Summary: Eurasian tree sparrows exposed to varying durations of captivity stress maintain relatively stable maximum flight performance despite experiencing dramatic changes in both internal milieu and external environment.
Bats actively modulate membrane compliance to control camber and reduce drag
Editor's choice: Temporary paralysis of wing-skin-embedded muscles in bats significantly increases wing-membrane camber, reduces preferred flight speed and prevents very slow flight, highlighting their role in control, efficiency and expanding the flight envelope.
RESEARCH ARTICLES
Inside the coupling of ladybird beetle elytra: elastic setae can facilitate swift deployment
Summary: In ladybird beetles (Coccinella septempunctata), setae on the internal edge of elytra coupling store energy, functioning as springs, and thus play an essential role in rapid elytra deployment.
Patterns of single limb forces during terrestrial and arboreal locomotion in rosy-faced lovebirds (Psittaciformes: Agapornis roseicollis)
Summary: Bipedal walking in parrots (Agapornis roseicollis) is associated with the adoption of a sidling gait, decoupling the leading and trailing limb into distinct functional roles (exclusively braking and propulsive, respectively).
The influence of stochastic temperature fluctuations in shaping the physiological performance of the California mussel, Mytilus californianus
Highlighted Article: Mussels acclimated to an unpredictable thermal regime produce different physiological performance in terms of energy stores, metabolic capacity, and thermal performance in comparison to mussels acclimated to a predictable thermal regime.
Three-dimensional movement of the beak during seed processing in domestic canaries
Summary: Domestic canaries apply specific 3D movements of their upper and lower beaks during the various phases of seed processing; this includes extremely fast open–close frequencies during phases of seed positioning.
Decapod egg membranes: powerful barriers or regulatory structures?
Summary: Decapod crustacean eggs are not completely isolated by their membranes, which may selectively transport ions to an intra-membrane space. Evidence of osmoregulation indicates an active role of membranes.
Dual spring force couples yield multifunctionality and ultrafast, precision rotation in tiny biomechanical systems
Highlighted Article: Trap-jaw ant strikes reveal how tiny elastic systems can rotate precisely at exceedingly high accelerations while retaining slow, multi-degrees of freedom movement.
CORRECTIONS
Call for Papers: The Integrative Biology of the Gut. Guest Editors Carol Bucking, Matt Regan and John Terblanche
We are pleased to welcome submissions for our upcoming Special Issue: The Integrative Biology of the Gut . We are calling for forward-looking papers that address the functional roles of the gut. We will consider papers that address gut function from the cellular level to its interactions with other organs and tissues, including its role in diverse ecophysiological processes, spanning both vertebrate and invertebrate species. The deadline for submission to this issue is 1 October 2024.
Extraordinary creatures: notothenioids and icefish
In our new Conversation focusing on extraordinary creatures, Christina Cheng and Kristin O'Brien tell us about the remarkable freeze tolerant nototheniods that live in the waters around Antarctica and how icefish are the only adult vertebrates that survive without haemoglobin.
Why are microclimates essential for predicting climate change responses and how to measure them?
In their Commentary, Duncan Mitchell and colleagues discuss problems with predicting terrestrial animals’ responses to a warming world based on air temperature, rather than the microclimate of their thermal environment. They provide a simple, low-cost approach to microclimate measurements to provide a more realistic assessment of terrestrial animal performance and predicted population responses in hot regions under warming conditions. This approach requires measuring the variables involved in the exchange of heat and water vapour between animals and their environment.
Keeping warm is harder for tree swallows when it’s damp
Damp air often feels chilly and now Cody Porter & co show that tree swallows use 8% more energy when the atmosphere is damp than when it is dry, so they have to work harder to keep warm in damp conditions.
Biologists @ 100 - join us in Liverpool in March 2025
We are excited to invite you to a unique scientific conference, celebrating the 100-year anniversary of The Company of Biologists, and bringing together our different communities. The conference will incorporate the Spring Meetings of the BSCB and the BSDB, the JEB Symposium Sensory Perception in a Changing World and a DMM programme on antimicrobial resistance. Find out more and register your interest to join us in March 2025 in Liverpool, UK.