Issues
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Cover image
Cover Image
Cover: Holocentrids (squirrelfish and soldierfish) are nocturnal coral reef fishes with reddish body colour and relatively large eyes. de Busserolles et al. (jeb233098) investigated in detail the visual system of several species of holocentrids, including the crimson soldierfish, Myripristis murdjan (pictured). In addition to possessing a visual system well-adapted for their nocturnal lifestyle, holocentrids have a multibank retina, an adaptation usually found in deep-sea fishes, that may allow them to see colour in dim-light conditions. Photo credit: Justin Marshall.
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INSIDE JEB
OUTSIDE JEB
EDITORIAL
COMMENTARY
Thermal robustness of biomechanical processes
Summary: Mechanical processes that replace chemical processes in organismal movement can result in performance that is robust to changing temperature.
REVIEW
The gut–brain axis in vertebrates: implications for food intake regulation
Summary: This Review summarises information on the gut–brain axis in non-mammalian vertebrates, highlighting an important lack of knowledge compared with mammals. We identify gaps for future research for a better understanding of the mechanisms governing food intake in vertebrates.
RESEARCH ARTICLES
The visual ecology of Holocentridae, a nocturnal coral reef fish family with a deep-sea-like multibank retina
Editor's choice: Compared with other reef fishes, holocentrids have a well-developed multibank retina, an adaptation mostly found in deep-sea fishes, which may allow colour vision in dim-light settings.
Blood as fuel: the metabolic cost of pedestrian locomotion in Rhodnius prolixus
Summary: Locomotion generates an increase in the metabolic rate of haematophagous bugs and changes the respiratory pattern. The energetic cost of pedestrian locomotion allows estimation of maximal walking dispersion in Chagas vectors.
Climate change and invasive species: a physiological performance comparison of invasive and endemic bees in Fiji
Highlighted Article: Invasive bees in Fiji have greater thermal tolerance and are more desiccation resistant than the only native bee in lowland Fiji. Plant–pollinator relationships might shift with continued climate warming.
Complex sensory environments alter mate choice outcomes
Summary: Audio-visual perception and cognitive processing, related to mate choice decisions, are dependent on the complexity of the sensory scene.
Oxygen limitation fails to explain upper chronic thermal limits and the temperature size rule in mayflies
Highlighted Article: Chronic (whole-life) studies do not support a causative role for oxygen limitation in setting upper chronic thermal limits or temperature-size patterns in mayflies.
Rightward shift of optimal fascicle length with decreasing voluntary activity level in the soleus and lateral gastrocnemius muscles
Summary: Decreasing voluntary muscle activity levels in the human triceps surae shift the plantar flexion force–angle and force–length relationships toward more dorsiflexed ankle angles and longer fascicle lengths.
Effects of temperature on physiological performance and behavioral thermoregulation in an invasive fish, the round goby
Summary: Phenotypic buffering of physiology and behavior, coupled with large thermal safety margins, may be competitively advantageous for the invasive fish round goby, and enhance its invasive potential with climate change.
Low incubation temperature slows the development of cold tolerance in a precocial bird
Highlighted Article: Precocial birds incubated at low temperature take longer to develop cold tolerance, with possible costs for energy acquisition in early life.
Metabolic cost of freeze–thaw and source of CO2 production in the freeze-tolerant cricket Gryllus veletis
Summary: In crickets, freezing does not induce metabolic responses but may liberate buffered CO2 from hemolymph. Recovery from freeze–thaw is metabolically costly, and this cost persists for several days after thaw.
Cervical air sac oxygen profiles in diving emperor penguins: parabronchial ventilation and the respiratory oxygen store
Summary: Air sac oxygen profiles of emperor penguins demonstrate that air flow between the air sacs and through the lungs maintains gas exchange during dives as well as on the surface.
Are acute and acclimated thermal effects on metabolic rate modulated by cell size? A comparison between diploid and triploid zebrafish larvae
Summary: Metabolic consequences of cell size and ploidy vary with temperature: the small cell size of diploids appears beneficial in the warm, while triploids performed better in the cold.
Lung function assessment in the Pacific walrus (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) while resting on land and submerged in water
Summary: Measured respiratory flow, tidal volume and lung compliance in Pacific walruses were inside reported ranges for marine mammals, confirming highly flexible lungs and reinforced conducting airways that allow them to preserve high respiratory flows over all lung volumes.
Life-long exposure to hypoxia affects metabolism and respiratory physiology across life stages in high-altitude deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus)
Summary: Life-long exposure to hypoxia alters hypoxic metabolic depression throughout life with age-specific effects on breathing.
Task-dependent vocal adjustments to optimize biosonar-based information acquisition
Summary: Having the right information for a specific job is crucial. Echolocating bats flexibly and independently adjust different call parameters to match the sensory-motor challenges of four different tasks.
Monoterpenes alter TAR1-driven physiology in Drosophila species
Summary: In Drosophila, monoterpenes not only act as biopesticides but also cause complex tyramine receptor 1 (TAR1)-dependent changes in behaviour and metabolism.
The influence of sagittal trunk lean on uneven running mechanics
Summary: Trunk posture- and step-specific adjustments in global and local running mechanics are influenced by the anticipation of changes to running pattern, probably reflecting the utilization of task-dependent strategies during perturbed running.
Interplays between pre- and post-natal environments affect early-life mortality, body mass and telomere dynamics in the wild
Summary: Hatching order manipulation in a wild bird reveals interacting effects of pre- and post-natal developing conditions on early-life phenotype and potential future performance.
The human foot functions like a spring of adjustable stiffness during running
Summary: Humans are capable of dynamically adjusting the stiffness of the longitudinal arch of the foot in conjunction with other joints in the leg during running.
New funding schemes for junior faculty staff

In celebration of our 100th anniversary, JEB has launched two new grants to support junior faculty staff working in animal comparative physiology and biomechanics who are within five years of setting up their first lab/research group. Check out our ECR Visiting Fellowships and Research Partnership Kickstart Travel Grants. First deadline for applications is 15 July 2023.
JEB@100: an interview with Monitoring Editor Sanjay Sane

Sanjay Sane tells us about his first experience of publishing with the journal and why he thinks JEB is going to play a key role in our understanding of the current climate crisis and its implications for biodiversity.
The Forest of Biologists

The Forest of Biologists is a biodiversity initiative created by The Company of Biologists, with support from the Woodland Trust. For every Research and Review article published in Journal of Experimental Biology a native tree is planted in a UK forest. In addition to this we are protecting and restoring ancient woodland and are dedicating these trees to our peer reviewers. Visit our virtual forest to learn more.
Celebrating 100 years of discovery

This Special Issue focuses on broad biological questions addressed through the lens of comparative biomechanics. Crosscutting through time, this series of Reviews, Commentaries and Research Articles addresses questions from the vantage points of the history of the field, today’s research, and the future of comparative biomechanics. Read the Editorial by Sheila Patek, Monica Daley and Sanjay Sane.
Centenary Review - Adaptive echolocation behavior

Cynthia F. Moss and colleagues Review the behaviours used by echolocating mammals to track and intercept moving prey, interrogate dynamic sonar scenes, and exploit visual and passive acoustic stimuli.
Crucial DNA at crux of insect wing size evolution
Keity Farfán-Pira and colleagues have revealed that a tiny region of regulatory DNA in the vestigial gene governs whether insect wings are large or small and has played a key role in the evolution of insect wing size.