The occurrence of non-disjunction like that of gynandromorphism, of intersexes, and of sex-linked mosaics, is closely related to mutations due to chromosome change. It is probable that agents which effect non-disjunction will also give rise to mutations. For instance, in the case of X-rays, Mavor (1924) has shown that these radiations produce non-disjunction and Muller (1927) that the occurrence of mutations is greatly increased in Drosophila by subjecting the flies to the same radiations.

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