In the literature about the respiratory physiology of water-breathers, the arterial partial pressure of oxygen, , is reported to range from about 2 to 10–13 kPa (Shelton et al. 1986; McMahon and Wilkens, 1983). In fish, Shelton et al. (1986) reported that animals with low blood O2-affinity exhibit high and vice versa. But in laboratory conditions, the excitation state of the animals may explain much of this variability: high excitation is associated with high values and low excitation with low , values (see McMahon, 1985, for relevant discussion on crustaceans). In conditions where animal excitability was reduced to a minimum, we reported that low values correspond to an apparent set point in crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (Massabuau and Burtin, 1984), fish Silurus glanis (Forgue et al. 1989) and mussel Anodonta cygnea (Massabuau et al...

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