The Relationship Between β-Adrenoceptors and Adrenergic Responsiveness in Trout (Oncorhynchus Mykiss) and Eel (Anguilla Rostrata) Erythrocytes

Experiments were performed invitro specifically to elucidate the underlying mechanism(s) of the attenuated adrenergic responses of eel (Anguillarostrata) erythrocytes. This was achieved by comparing β-adrenoceptor numbers and affinities in addition to (i) Na⁺/H⁺ exchange activity, (ii) cell swelling and (iii) cyclic AMP formation mediated by catecholamines in eel and trout (Oncorhynchusmykiss) erythrocytes under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.

Under normoxic conditions, eel erythrocytes displayed a total absence of Na⁺/H⁺ exchange activity (as determined from measurements of extracellular pH) after addition of noradrenaline (50–1000 nmol l^{− 1}) in contrast to a pronounced dose-dependent response in trout. Incubation of the blood under hypoxic conditions, to achieve approximately 50% haemoglobin O₂-saturation, further increased the extent of Na⁺/H⁺ exchange activation in trout and elicited a statistically significant, although physiologically small (10% of the response in trout), activation of H⁺ extrusion activity in eel. Catecholamine-mediated cell swelling, although obvious in trout, was absent in eel when estimated under hypoxic conditions.

Eel erythrocytes possessed approximately 50% fewer surface β-adrenoceptors than did trout erythrocytes, although the dissociation constants (K_D) of these receptors did not differ between eel and trout. The numbers and affinities of the erythrocyte β-adrenoceptors were not significantly affected by the hypoxic incubation.

Both eel and trout erythrocytes displayed a dose-dependent elevation of cyclic AMP concentration in response to noradrenaline that was further increased by hypoxia. Surprisingly, eel erythrocytes produced larger quantities of cyclic AMP despite the lower numbers of surface ^adrenoceptors. Thus, the absence of adrenergic swelling and the attenuated H⁺ extrusion response in eel erythrocytes cannot be attributed to insufficient numbers of β-adrenoceptors or to functional uncoupling of these receptors from adenylate cyclase. Instead, the differences between trout and eel may reflect differing numbers of Na⁺/H⁺ exchangers or fundamental differences in the manner by which these exchangers are activated by cyclic AMP.