... into pluripotent stem cells, which have the ability to generate all other types of cells and tissues of a given organism. Cellular reprogramming is thus a complex process that requires extensive modification at the epigenetic and transcriptional level, unlocking cellular programs that allow cells to acquire...

..., including spores, oocytes and adult stem cells. We begin by defining quiescent cells and discussing their roles in key biological processes. We then examine metabolic factors that influence cellular quiescence in both healthy and disease contexts, and how these could be leveraged in the treatment of cancer...

..., which illustrates its use as an experimental model to study both differentiation and transformation. Comma-1D Mammary epithelium differentiation Stem cells Oncogenesis Breast cancer National Institutes of Health http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000002 R01GM134382 American...

... application of electric stimulation enables cellular plasticity and the re-establishment of stem cell activity in tissues damaged by ionizing radiation. We show that subthreshold direct current stimulation (DCS) rapidly restores pluripotent stem cell populations previously eliminated by lethally γ-irradiated...

...-derived apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1) was associated with an increase in the Lin − Sca-1 + Kit + (LSK) bone marrow stem cell population and lymphoid-primed multipotent progenitor numbers, which translated into a higher production and systemic flux of T cell subsets. In accordance with APOA1 deficiency...

... into myofibroblasts at the expense of their adipogenic differentiation (Contreras et al., 2019c ; Uezumi et al., 2014a , 2011). In summary, the work of others and our results suggest that stromal stem cell and/or progenitor markers are often downregulated by TGF-β, probably after a complex array of niche signals...

... consumption. Furthermore, Smed-Sirt-1(RNAi) animals displayed reduced cell death and increased stem cell proliferation accompanied by impaired expression of intestinal lineage progenitors and reduced branching of the gut. Taken together, our findings indicate that Sirtuin-1 is a crucial metabolic hub capable...

..., physiological relationship between VE and epiblast, we found it interesting to compare pXEN cell vacuoles with the recently described apicosomes of epiblast stem cells, which create an in vitro equivalent of the pro-amniotic cavity (Taniguchi et al., 2017). In egg cylinder stage embryos, epiblast and VE...

..., the central pathology of cardiovascular disease. Stem cell technology will revolutionise regenerative medicine, but a need remains to understand key mechanisms of vascular differentiation. RNA-binding proteins have emerged as novel post-transcriptional regulators of alternative splicing and we have previously...

.... VGLL3 TEAD YAP TAZ WWTR1 Skeletal muscle Stem cells Seventh Framework Programme 10.13039/100011102 262948-2 Medical Research Council 10.13039/501100000265 MR/P023215/ 1G11001931 Sarcoma UK 10.13039/100009756 SUK09.2015 Wellcome Trust 10.13039...

... known as ESR1) and/or AREG signaling were necessary for non-mammary cell redirection, we inoculated either ERα −/− or AREG −/− mammary cells with non-mammary progenitor cells (WAP-Cre/Rosa26LacZ+ male testicular cells or GFP-positive embryonic neuronal stem cells). ERα −/− cells possessed a limited...

... is properly attributed. Summary: DUX4 underlies pathogenesis in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy. DUX4 acts mainly as a transcriptional activator that inhibits myogenesis by orchestrating a gene expression profile representative of a more stem-cell-like state. DUX4 DUX4c FSHD Stem cells...

...Yu Xin Wang; Nicolas A. Dumont; Michael A. Rudnicki ABSTRACT Muscle stem cells facilitate the long-term regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle. This self-renewing population of satellite cells has only recently been defined through genetic and transplantation experiments. Although muscle stem...

... progenitors that can remain as extracellular-matrix-producing cells or differentiate into adipocytes. * Author for correspondence ([email protected]) 9 09 2013 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 Fibroblasts Adipogenesis Stem cells Skeletal muscle Satellite...

...Swathi Yadlapalli; Yukiko M. Yamashita Summary The immortal strand hypothesis proposes that stem cells retain a template copy of genomic DNA (i.e. an ‘immortal strand’) to avoid replication-induced mutations. An alternative hypothesis suggests that certain cells segregate sister chromatids non...

... Differentiation Stem cells Neurogenesis Nematogenesis Nanos is a Zn-finger domain, RNA binding protein acting as a translational repressor. It is known to act in concert with its canonical partner Pumilio. Together, these proteins repress translation of their target genes. Nanos was first described...

...Victoria A. Rafalski; Elena Mancini; Anne Brunet Summary Metabolism is influenced by age, food intake, and conditions such as diabetes and obesity. How do physiological or pathological metabolic changes influence stem cells, which are crucial for tissue homeostasis? This Commentary reviews recent...

...Yu Zhang; Wenlin Li; Timothy Laurent; Sheng Ding Summary Despite the great potential of stem cells for basic research and clinical applications, obstacles – such as their scarce availability and difficulty in controlling their fate – need to be addressed to fully realize their potential. Recent...

...Akiko Mammoto; Tadanori Mammoto; Donald E. Ingber Summary Transcriptional regulation contributes to the maintenance of pluripotency, self-renewal and differentiation in embryonic cells and in stem cells. Therefore, control of gene expression at the level of transcription is crucial for embryonic...

... throughout the body. Here, we use the planarian model system to address TOR regulation at the organismal level. The planarian TOR homolog (Smed-TOR) is ubiquitously expressed, including stem cells (neoblasts) and differentiated tissues. Inhibition of TOR with RNA interference severely restricts cell...