...Danielle B. Buglak; Kathleen H. M. Holmes; Brian J. Galletta; Nasser M. Rusan ABSTRACT Proper connection between the sperm head and tail is critical for sperm motility and fertilization. Head–tail linkage is mediated by the head-tail coupling apparatus (HTCA), which secures the axoneme (tail...

... encoding an RSP15 homolog in mice. We found that LRRC23 localizes to the RS complex within murine sperm flagella and interacts with RSPH3A and RSPH3B. The knockout of Lrrc23 resulted in male infertility due to RS disorganization and impaired motility in murine spermatozoa, whereas the ciliary beating...

... Filamentous actin (F-actin) is a key factor in exocytosis in many cell types. In mammalian sperm, acrosomal exocytosis (denoted the acrosome reaction or AR), a special type of controlled secretion, is regulated by multiple signaling pathways and the actin cytoskeleton. However, the dynamic changes...

...María G. Gervasi; Xinran Xu; Blanca Carbajal-Gonzalez; Mariano G. Buffone; Pablo E. Visconti; Diego Krapf ABSTRACT Conception in mammals is determined by the fusion of a sperm cell with an oocyte during fertilization. Motility is one of the features of sperm that allows them to succeed...

.... In mammalian sperm flagella, one of the factors to generate the heterogeneity is tubulin polyglutamylation, although the importance of the heterogeneous modification is unclear. Here, we show that a tubulin polyglutamylase Ttll9 deficiency ( Ttll9 −/− ) causes a unique set of phenotypes related to doublet...

...-represented in proteomic studies of the centrosome, because of the larger amount of pericentriolar material making up the centrosome. In this study, we have overcome this problem by determining the centriolar proteome of mammalian sperm cells, which have a pair of centrioles but little pericentriolar material...

... pictus , the chemoattractant peptide speract triggers a train of fluctuations of intracellular Ca 2+ concentration in the sperm flagella. Each transient Ca 2+ elevation leads to a momentary increase in flagellar bending asymmetry, known as a chemotactic turn. Furthermore, chemotaxis requires a precise...

...Hitomi Watanabe; Gen Kondoh Mammalian sperm undergo several maturation steps after leaving the testis to become competent for fertilization. Important changes occur in sperm within the female reproductive tract, although the molecular mechanisms underlying these processes remain unclear...

...Mariano G. Buffone; Kye-Seong Kim; Birgit J. Doak; Esmeralda Rodriguez-Miranda; George L. Gerton The acrosome is an exocytotic vesicle located on the apical tip of the sperm head. In addition to having different morphological regions, two biochemically distinct compartments can be defined within...

... of the activity of dynein between the two sides of the central pair microtubules. To test this, we developed an experimental system using elastase-treated axonemes of sperm flagella, which have a large Ca 2+ -induced principal bend (P-bend) at the base. On photoreleasing ATP from caged ATP, they slid apart...

...Claire V. Harper; Joanne A. Cummerson; Michael R. H. White; Stephen J. Publicover; Peter M. Johnson An essential step in mammalian fertilisation is the sperm acrosome reaction (AR) – exocytosis of a single large vesicle (the acrosome) that surrounds the nucleus at the apical sperm head...

...Leanne Cotton; Gerard M. Gibbs; L. Gabriel Sanchez-Partida; John R. Morrison; David M. de Kretser; Moira K. O'Bryan Cloning of the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) adaptor Snt-2 cDNA and the identification of FGFR-1 protein in association with sperm tails, suggested that FGFR-1 signaling...

...Olga Mudrak; Nikolai Tomilin; Andrei Zalensky Whereas recent studies demonstrated a well-defined nuclear architecture in human sperm nuclei, little is known about the mode of DNA compaction above the elementary structural unit of nucleoprotamine toroids. Here, using fluorescence in-situ...

... effects very similar to those observed when it was applied to unstimulated cells, suggesting that the sustained Ca 2+ influx induced by progesterone is not mediated via mobilisation of Ca 2+ stores. Western blotting for human sperm proteins showed expression of secretory pathway Ca 2+ ATPase (SPCA1...

...Kathryn K. Stein; Paul Primakoff; Diana Myles Sperm-egg fusion is a cell-cell membrane fusion event essential for the propagation of sexually reproducing organisms. In gamete fusion, as in other fusion events, such as virus-cell and intracellular vesicle fusion, membrane fusion is a two-step...

... of spermatogenic cells and spermatozoa. We also generated transgenic mice that express high levels of MOR23 in the testis and examined the response of their germ cells to lyral. The results provided evidence that lyral-induced Ca 2+ increases were indeed mediated by MOR23. In a sperm accumulation assay...

...Kelly L. Asquith; Rosa M. Baleato; Eileen A. McLaughlin; Brett Nixon; R. John Aitken Mammalian spermatozoa undergo a series of molecular and biochemical changes collectively termed capacitation prior to acquiring the ability to fertilise the oocyte. Although phosphorylation of sperm proteins...

...Michaela Luconi; Vinicio Carloni; Fabio Marra; Pietro Ferruzzi; Gianni Forti; Elisabetta Baldi Sperm motility is regulated by a complex balance between kinases and phosphatases. Among them, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) has been recently suggested to negatively regulate sperm motility...

... of spermatozoa from Capra hircus (goat) in vitro, suggesting that GSTs are localised at the cell surface. In this study, we provide evidence for the presence of GSTs of 24 kDa on the sperm plasma membrane attached by non-covalent interactions. The GST activity associated with the spermatozoal plasma membrane...

...Guo-Zhang Zhu; Diana G. Myles; Paul Primakoff ABSTRACT Plasma membrane-anchored proteases have key roles in cell signaling, migration and refashioning the cell surface and its surroundings. We report the first example of a plasma membrane-anchored protease on mature sperm, testase 1 ( ADAM 24...