...: Trypanosoma cruzi , the causative agent of Chagas disease, subverts cell signaling mechanisms to survive in the host. Here, we explain the various cellular mechanisms that T. cruzi hijacks. Trypanosoma cruzi Cellular infection Host cell signaling Protein kinases Immune response...

...-transduction network that is controlled by WNK kinases. Under hyperosmotic or hypotonic low-Cl – conditions, WNK isoforms are activated, and subsequently phosphorylate and activate the related protein kinases SPAK and OSR1. SPAK and OSR1 phosphorylate and activate ion co-transporters that include NCC, NKCC1...

...-mail: [email protected] ) * Present address: Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA 9 11 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2008 2008 Invadopodia Invasion Protein kinases Cortactin Invasive tumoral or transformed cells...

...; they are substrates for multiple protein kinases that phosphorylate them on distinct sites. We have previously found that injection of synapsin into Helix snail neurons cultured under low-release conditions increases the efficiency of neurotransmitter release. In order to investigate the role of phosphorylation...

... themes have emerged, such as the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades and the regulation of cytoskeletal structure through effects on the actin and tubulin cytoskeletons. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) © The Company of Biologists Limited...

... transduction Protein kinases Protein phosphatases Cell nucleus Upon stimulation of many types of cell surface receptors, p42/p44 MAPKs are activated by the signaling cascade Ras>Raf>MEK ( Guan, 1994 ; Lewis et al., 1998 ; Reiser et al., 1999 ; Robinson and Cobb, 1997 ). In resting cells p42...

... neuroblastoma cell differentiation. © The Company of Biologists Limited 1991 1991 microtubule-associated proteins tau proteins casein kinasell protein kinases neuronal morphogenesis neuronal plasticity neuronal cytoskeleton During brain development, undifferentiated neuroepithelial cells...