... at a late developmental stage in mouse embryos induced the irregular distribution of cardiomyocytes and misalignment of myofibrils, and reduced the heart size. Mechanistically, the expression of several genes involved in chemotaxis, including those in the CXCL12/CXCR4 and CCL2/CCR2/CCR4 pathways...

... report that mitochondrial outer membrane protein Mitofusin 2 (MFN2) regulates neutrophil homeostasis and chemotaxis in vivo . Mfn2 -deficient neutrophils are released from the hematopoietic tissue, trapped in the vasculature in zebrafish embryos, and not capable of chemotaxis. Consistent with this, human...

...Yuki Tanabe; Yoichiro Kamimura; Masahiro Ueda ABSTRACT In eukaryotic chemotaxis, parallel signaling pathways regulate the spatiotemporal pseudopod dynamics at the leading edge of a motile cell through the characteristic dynamics of an excitable system; however, differences in the excitability...

...Bhagawat C. Subramanian; Konstadinos Moissoglu; Carole A. Parent ABSTRACT Neutrophils sense and respond to diverse chemotactic cues through G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). However, the precise trafficking dynamics of chemoattractant GPCRs during neutrophil activation and chemotaxis remain...

...-proteins and the cytoskeleton. Small G-proteins Cytoskeleton Symmetry Dictyostelium Chemotaxis The method for quantifying reflection symmetry is an adaptation of the method described above for rotational symmetry. It requires additional definitions for the symmetry axis and for odd...

... and chemical cues remains incompletely understood. Here, we address this question by probing the efficiency of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-induced hMSC chemotaxis on substrates of varying stiffness (3, 30 and 600 kPa) inside a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device. Chemotactic speed was found...

.... The cells break down LPA, which is present at high levels around the tumours, creating a dynamic gradient that is low in the tumour and high outside. They then migrate up this gradient, creating a complex and evolving outward chemotactic stimulus. Here, we introduce a new assay for self-generated chemotaxis...

... are not well understood. Here, we investigated the role of protein kinase A (PKA) in controlling signaling of the chemoattractant cAMP in Dictyostelium discoideum . We found that cells lacking PKA display severe chemotaxis defects, including impaired directional sensing. Although PKA is an important regulator...

... does not need to sense concentration differences over its entire length but only locally over the cross-section of the protrusion. This local response is in accord with a pseudopod-centered model of chemotaxis ( Insall, 2010 ) and is consistent with the view that there are independent spatial...

...Inn Chuan Ng; Pornteera Pawijit; Lee Ying Teo; Huipeng Li; Shu Ying Lee; Hanry Yu ABSTRACT Chemotaxis in shallow gradients of chemoattractants is accomplished by preferential maintenance of protrusions oriented towards the chemoattractant; however, the mechanism of preferential maintenance...

... prognostic information for breast cancer patients. Circulating tumor cell CTC Chemotaxis Invadopodia Human invasion signature HIS Intravasation Mena Tumor microenvironment of metastasis TMEM High-throughput gene-expression profiling studies have yielded prognostic tests...

..., as well as defects in chemotaxis directionality and adhesion to endothelial cells under flow. These data together elucidate a mechanism for RHOA and pMLC polarization in stimulated neutrophils through direct inhibition of RHOA by FAM65B at the leading edge. * These authors contributed equally...

... Lamellipodia Filopodia Chemotaxis CAAX Lamellipodia initiate the migration of various cell types, ranging from fibroblasts and epithelial cells to different types of leukocytes ( Small et al., 2002 ; Renkawitz and Sixt, 2010 ). Lamellipodia are composed of networks of actin filaments, directly...

...Arjan Kortholt; Ineke Keizer-Gunnink; Rama Kataria; Peter J. M. Van Haastert Summary Central to chemotaxis is the molecular mechanism by which a shallow spatial gradient of chemoattractant induces symmetry breaking of activated signaling molecules. Previously, we have used Dictyostelium mutants...

... macro that calculates the number of PLA dots. © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 RhoC GTPase p190RhoGAP p190RhoGEF Directional protrusion Chemotaxis Actin cytoskeleton Polarized protrusion of the cell toward a source of chemoattractant is the initial motile...

...., 2000 ) and (b) PLD2's role in phagocyte chemotaxis is established ( Lehman et al., 2006 ). Fig. 6B shows lipase and GEF activities of neutrophils over time in response to stimulation with interleukin-8 (IL-8), the main PMN chemoattractant. A similar oscillatory temporal pattern like that of COS-7...

...Adán Guerrero; Jesús Espinal; Christopher D. Wood; Juan M. Rendón; Jorge Carneiro; Gustavo Martínez-Mekler; Alberto Darszon Summary In many broadcast-spawning marine organisms, oocytes release chemicals that guide conspecific spermatozoa towards them through chemotaxis. In the sea urchin Lytechinus...

...Kamalakkannan Srinivasan; Gus A. Wright; Nicole Hames; Max Housman; Alayna Roberts; Karl J. Aufderheide; Chris Janetopoulos Summary Dictyostelium discoideum shows chemotaxis towards folic acid (FA) throughout vegetative growth, and towards cAMP during development. We determined the spatiotemporal...

... contributed equally to this work ‡ Author for correspondence ( huttenlocher@wisc.edu ) 19 8 2012 © 2012. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2012 Chemotaxis Microtubule Neutrophil Zebrafish Directed cell migration is the result of a complex interplay between...

... chemotaxis in mouse embryonic cells. Using wild type (WT) and 5T4 knockout (5T4KO) murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), we now show that CXCL12 binding to CXCR4 activates both the ERK and AKT pathways within minutes, but while these pathways are intact, they are non-functional in 5T4KO cells treated...