...Eike K. Mahlandt; Gabriel Kreider-Letterman; Anna O. Chertkova; Rafael Garcia-Mata; Joachim Goedhart ABSTRACT Rac (herein referring to the Rac family) and Cdc42 are Rho GTPases that regulate the formation of lamellipoda and filopodia, and are therefore crucial in processes such as cell migration...

..., these coordinated events ensure that the actomyosin ring and septum start ingressing only after chromosome segregation. How cytokinetic events are coordinated remains unclear. The GTPase Cdc42 promotes recruitment of certain cell wall-building enzymes whereas the GTPase Rho1 activates these enzymes. We show...

... perform reliable functions in the cell, and, more fundamentally, how do these intricate structures evolve? European Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781 758132 Cdc42 Biochemical network Budding yeast Evolutionary theory Fungi Summary: We review...

... the stereocilia of cochlear hair cells and cooperates with CDC42 to regulate F-actin polymerization and cell protrusion formation in cultured COS-7 cells. In the present work, Fchsd2 knockout mice were established to investigate the role of FCHSD2 in hearing. Our data show that stereocilia maintenance is severely...

... by Nckap1l ) followed by serum and growth factor stimulation, or active GTPase expression, revealed a pathway to formation of Arp2/3 complex-dependent lamellipodia-like structures (LLS) that requires both Rac and Cdc42 GTPases, but not WRC. These phenotypes were independent of the WRC subunit eliminated...

... uncoupled these sequential events by delaying cytokinesis with a temporary Latrunculin A treatment. Mitotic cells recovering from treatment initiate end growth during septation, displaying a polar elongation simultaneous with septation (PrESS) phenotype. PrESS cell ends reactivate Cdc42, a major regulator...

... depletion in tumour cells caused redistribution of the actin cytoskeleton and increased activity of the Rho GTPase CDC42, known for its role in actin remodelling and cell migration. In a xenograft model of breast cancer, tumour cell CD99 expression inhibited metastatic progression, and patient samples...

... in a complex assembly pathway that culminates in the outgrowth of a new daughter cell. During recruitment, septin rods follow the high concentration of Cdc42 GTP that is generated by the focused localization of the Cdc42 guanine-nucleotide-exchange factor Cdc24. We show that, shortly before budding, Cdc24...

..., a previously undescribed polybasic motif that is strictly conserved in Vav1 and absent from Vav2 in tetrapods. Conversely, the catalytic activity of Vav2 contributes to the suppression of TCR-mediated Ca 2+ entry. By performing an in vivo ‘ GEF trapping’ assay in intact cells, we demonstrate that Cdc42...

.../ Highlighted Article: The vesicle-tethering and fusion factors Boi1 and Boi2 are shown to initiate the formation of actin filaments by recruiting the Bni1–Bud6 actin nucleation complex to sites of exocytosis. Polar growth Vesicular traffic Actin nucleation Cdc42 Split-Ubiquitin Yeast...

... the recycling or secretion pathways contribute to localized Cdc42 activity in a given cell type. Indeed, models that include several trafficking routes have not yet been constructed, limiting our understanding of the role of distinct organelles in polarity establishment. Also, the fact that trafficking pathways...

...Brian S. Hercyk; Julie Rich-Robinson; Ahmad S. Mitoubsi; Marcus A. Harrell; Maitreyi E. Das ABSTRACT Cdc42, a conserved regulator of cell polarity, is activated by two GEFs, Gef1 and Scd1, in fission yeast. Why the cell needs two GEFs is unclear, given that they are partially redundant and activate...

... on chemoattractant gradient detection in yeast, which occurs at a motile polarity patch. It further describes the stabilization and hyperpolarization process underlying cell fusion. Cell fusion Cell polarity Chemotropism Pheromone gradient Cdc42 MAPK S. cerevisiae S. pombe All cells...

...Franck Pichaud; Rhian F. Walther; Francisca Nunes de Almeida ABSTRACT Cdc42 – a member of the small Rho GTPase family – regulates cell polarity across organisms from yeast to humans. It is an essential regulator of polarized morphogenesis in epithelial cells, through coordination of apical membrane...

... formation. Binding is conferred by a FERM/FA domain–kinase domain interaction and detachment promoted by aPKCι-dependent phosphorylation. FARP2 is shown to promote GTP loading of Cdc42, which is consistent with it being involved in upstream regulation of the polarising PAR6–aPKCι complex. However, we show...

... in morphogenesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Mol. Cell. Biol.   11 , 1295 - 1305 . 10.1128/MCB.11.3.1295 Bendezú , F. O. , Vincenzetti , V. , Vavylonis , D. , Wyss , R. , Vogel , H. and Martin , S. G. ( 2015 ). Spontaneous Cdc42 polarization independent of GDI-mediated...

...). The formation of MSCRs was also induced by the continuous depolarization of the actin cytoskeleton caused by a treatment with latrunculin-A, an effective inhibitor of actin polymerization. Unlike the formation of conventional septin rings, the formation of MSCRs did not require Cdc42 and its effectors, Gic1...

...Ye Dee Tay; Marcin Leda; Andrew B. Goryachev; Kenneth E. Sawin ABSTRACT The conserved Rho-family GTPase Cdc42 plays a central role in eukaryotic cell polarity. The rod-shaped fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe has two Cdc42 guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), Scd1 and Gef1, but little...

... to these processes are complex. Here, we modify the activity of the two Rho GTPase family members Rac and Cdc42 by optogenetically recruiting specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) DH or PH domains to defined regions of the cell membrane. We find that the localized activation of both GTPases produces...

... cancer, was recently reported to localize to cell–cell adhesions and to drive epithelial cell colony escape. Here we report that PAK6 targeting to cell–cell adhesions occurs through its N-terminus, requiring both its Cdc42/Rac interactive binding (CRIB) domain and an adjacent polybasic region for maximal...