...Yuki Ogawa; Matthew N. Rasband ABSTRACT Ranbp2 (also known as Nup358) is a member of the nucleoporin family, which constitutes the nuclear pore complex. Ranbp2 localizes at the nuclear membrane and was recently reported at the axon initial segment (AIS). However, we show that the anti-Ranbp2...

... ). Motor proteins regulate force interactions between microtubules and microfilaments in the axon . Nat. Cell Biol.   2 , 276 - 280 . 10.1038/35010544 Applegate , K. T. , Besson , S. , Matov , A. , Bagonis , M. H. , Jaqaman , K. and Danuser , G. ( 2011...

... found in neurons of both the central and peripheral nervous system. The narrow tubules appear to be the most abundant form of ER in axons, and are also found interspersed in the cell bodies and dendrites. At the site of branch points, there is a small sheet that has a similarly narrow lumen...

... mRNAs with AU-rich elements (ARE) in their 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs), including Gap43 , which has been linked to axon growth. HuD also binds to neuritin ( Nrn1 ) mRNA, whose 3′UTR contains ARE sequences. Although the Nrn1 3′UTR has been shown to mediate its axonal localization in embryonic...

... atlastin genes ATL1 – ATL3 catalyze homotypic membrane fusion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubules. How defects in neuronal Atlastin contribute to axonal degeneration has not been explained satisfactorily. Using Drosophila , we demonstrate that downregulation or overexpression of Atlastin in motor neurons...

...Takeshi Seno; Tatsuki Ikeno; Kousuke Mennya; Masayuki Kurishita; Narumi Sakae; Makoto Sato; Hiroki Takada; Yoshiyuki Konishi ABSTRACT The ability of neurons to generate multiple arbor terminals from a single axon is crucial for establishing proper neuronal wiring. Although growth and retraction...

...Annette Gärtner; Eugenio F. Fornasiero; Flavia Valtorta; Carlos G. Dotti ABSTRACT Final morphological polarization of neurons, with the development of a distinct axon and several dendrites, is preceded by phases where they have a non-polarized architecture. The earliest of these phases...

...Federico Dajas-Bailador; Ioannis Bantounas; Emma V. Jones; Alan J. Whitmarsh ABSTRACT The polarisation of developing neurons to form axons and dendrites is required for the establishment of neuronal connections leading to proper brain function. The protein kinase AKT and the MAP kinase scaffold...

...Andreas Prokop; Robin Beaven; Yue Qu; Natalia Sánchez-Soriano Summary The extension of long slender axons is a key process of neuronal circuit formation, both during brain development and regeneration. For this, growth cones at the tips of axons are guided towards their correct target cells...

...Jufang Chang; Robert H. Baloh; Jeffrey Milbrandt NIMA-related kinases (Neks) belong to a large family of Ser/Thr kinases that have critical roles in coordinating microtubule dynamics during ciliogenesis and mitotic progression. The Nek kinases are also expressed in neurons, whose axonal projections...

...Froylan Calderon de Anda; Annette Gärtner; Li-Huei Tsai; Carlos G. Dotti In situ observations of the development of hippocampal and cortical neurons indicate that final axon-dendrite identity is defined at the time of generation of the first two, oppositely positioned, neurites. Quite differently...

...Annette Gärtner; Xu Huang; Alan Hall An essential step during the development of hippocampal neurons is the polarised outgrowth of a single axon. Recently, it has been suggested that inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) via Akt/PKB-dependent phosphorylation of Ser9, specifically...

...Violet Votin; W. James Nelson; Angela I. M. Barth Neuronal morphogenesis involves the initial formation of neurites and then differentiation of neurites into axons and dendrites. The mechanisms underlying neurite formation are poorly understood. A candidate protein for controlling neurite extension...

.... Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy revealed that Necl-1 localized at the contact sites among axons, their terminals, and glia cell processes that cooperatively formed synapses, axon bundles and myelinated axons. Necl-1 showed Ca 2+ -independent homophilic cell-cell adhesion activity. It furthermore...

...Fabien Pujol; Patrick Kitabgi; Hélène Boudin Recent data have shown that the chemokine SDF-1 plays a critical role in several aspects of brain development such as cell migration and axon pathfinding. However, its potential function in the generation of axons and dendrites is poorly characterized...

...Andrey Samsonov; Jiang-Zhou Yu; Mark Rasenick; Sergey V. Popov Tau is a major microtubule-associated protein which induces bundling and stabilization of axonal microtubules (MTs). To investigate the interaction of tau with MTs in living cells, we expressed GFP-tau fusion protein in cultured Xenopus...

...Sun-Kyung Lee; Peter J. Hollenbeck Many axons carry out the synthesis of macromolecules independent of their cell bodies but the nature, organization and magnitude of axonal protein synthesis remain unclear. We have examined these features in axons of chick sympathetic neurons in cell culture...

...Fiona R. Lucas; Robert G. Goold; Phillip R. Gordon-Weeks; Patricia C. Salinas ABSTRACT WNT-7a induces axonal spreading and branching in developing cerebellar granule neurons. This effect is mediated through the inhibition of GSK-3β, a serine/threonine kinase and a component of the WNT pathway...

...David J. Sharp; Ryoko Kuriyama; Russell Essner; Peter W. Baas ABSTRACT Neurons extend two types of processes with distinct morphologies and patterns of microtubule polarity orientation. Axons are thin cylindrical processes containing microtubules that are uniformly oriented with their plus-ends...

... neurons cdk5 is restricted to the cell body but as soon as polarity is established it becomes highly concentrated at the distal tip of growing axons where it associates with microtubules and the subcortical cytoskeleton. In addtion, we show that laminin, an extracellular matrix molecule capable...