... in mammals. Robertsonian translocations are particularly rampant in the house mouse, Mus musculus domesticus, where they exhibit meiotic drive and create reproductive isolation. Recent progress has been made in understanding how Robertsonian chromosomes form in the human genome, highlighting some...

... of the secretome transiently resides in the cytosol before translocating into the ER, both in yeast and in higher eukaryotes. To uncover factors that monitor this transient cytosolic protein pool, we carried out a genetic screen in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Our findings highlighted a pre-insertional degradation...

...Hidenobu Fujita; Marifu Yamagishi; Yuichiro Kida; Masao Sakaguchi Polypeptide chains synthesized by membrane-bound ribosomes are translocated through, and integrated into, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane by means of the protein translocation channel, the translocon. Positive charges...

... in the cerebellum. This enzyme requires two events for its full activation: Ca 2+ -dependent translocation from the cytosol to organelle membranes in order to access phospholipids as substrates, and phosphorylation by several kinases. However, the subcellular distribution and activation of cPLA 2 α in Purkinje...

... delivery. This intracellular destination is specific to Onconase because other (and much less toxic) RNases follow the default pathway to late endosomes/lysosomes. Drugs neutralizing endosomal pH increased Onconase translocation efficiency from purified endosomes during cell-free translocation assays...

... and FGF-2 are endocytosed and translocated to the cytosol and nucleus where they stimulate RNA and DNA synthesis. Here we have studied the ability of the four FGF receptors to facilitate translocation of exogenous FGF-1 to the cytosol and nucleus. FGFR1 and FGFR4 were able to mediate translocation...

..., the rhabdomere, in the dark, and undergo light-induced translocation into the cell body as a mechanism for long-term light-adaptation. We show that translocation of TRPL channels occurs in two distinct stages, first to the neighboring stalk membrane then to the basolateral membrane. In the first stage, light...

... of cotranslational translocation of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. Nature 436 , 290 -293. Booth, P. J. and High, S. ( 2004 ). Polytopic membrane protein folding and assembly in vitro and in vivo. Mol. Membr. Biol. 21 , 163 -170. Borel, A. C. and Simon, S. M. ( 1996 ). Biogenesis of polytopic...

...Michelle A. Cronin; Fengqiu Diao; Susan Tsunoda We examine the light-dependent subcellular translocation of the visual G q α protein between the signaling compartment, the rhabdomere and the cell body in Drosophila photoreceptors. We characterize the translocation of G q α and provide the first...

... by epithelial cell sheets. Curr. Biol. 10 , 831 -838. Fincham, V. J., Unlu, M., Brunton, V. G., Pitts, J. D., Wyke, J. A. and Frame, M. C. ( 1996 ). Translocation of Src kinase to the cell periphery is mediated by the actin cytoskeleton under the control of the Rho family of small G proteins. J. Cell...

... state. Insulin does not further enhance the cell-surface level of HA-GLUT4-Akt2-wt, but does stimulate the translocation of HA-GLUT4-Akt2-KD. Cell-surface HA-GLUT4-Akt2-wt is found to be phosphorylated on Ser 474 in both the absence and presence of insulin, and mutation of Ser 474 to Ala reduces...

...Anita Boisramé; Marion Chasles; Anna Babour; Jean-Marie Beckerich; Claude Gaillardin The core component of the translocation apparatus, Sec61p or α, was previously cloned in Yarrowia lipolytica . Using anti-Sec61p antibodies, we showed that most of the translocation sites are devoted to co...

...Fernando A. Agarraberes; J. Fred Dice A group of cytosolic proteins are targeted to lysosomes for degradation in response to serum withdrawal or prolonged starvation by a process termed chaperone-mediated autophagy. In this proteolytic pathway little is known about how proteins are translocated...

... a transient translocation of PKC ε, γ, and δ from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane. These translocations were blocked by an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PLC), but not by an inhibitor of phosphatidylcholine- specific PLC. A diacylglycerol (DAG) analogue also induced...

... 1999 Yeast Translocation ER Sec61 Quality control Protein secretion is an essential process. In most cases, however, cells are better off secreting a reduced amount of a specific protein than secreting a defective form of this protein. Misfolded secreted and cell surface proteins...

...Julia J. A. Greenfield; Stephen High ABSTRACT The heteromeric Sec61 complex is composed of α, β and γ subunits and forms the core of the mammalian ER translocon. Oligomers of the Sec61 complex form a transmembrane channel where proteins are translocated across and integrated into the ER membrane...

...Jon Broughton; Dominique Swennen; Barrie M. Wilkinson; Philippe Joyet; Claude Gaillardin; Colin J. Stirling ABSTRACT The Sec61 protein is required for protein translocation across the ER membrane in both yeast and mammals and is found in close association with polypeptides during their membrane...

... and N19RhoA, however, are mainly cytosolic. We find that LPA-induced shape changes are preceded by translocation of RhoA from the cytosol to the cell periphery. LPA also stimulates translocation of inactive N19RhoA in the absence of ensuing shape changes. When membrane localization of RhoA is prevented...

... ) © 1996 by Company of Biologists 1996 Translocation ER Alu RNPs 7SL RNA Translational elongation Since the discovery of ribosomes, the number of RNA-protein complexes that play an important role in essential cellular functions has been growing tremendously. Particular progress...

...Angela Anastasi; Cherryl Hunt; Howard Stebbings ABSTRACT The ovaries of hemipteran insects contain massive microtubule-based translocation channels known as nutritive tubes, linking nurse cells to the developing oocytes. Translocation, which is in a retrograde direction along the nutritive tube...