... thermophila , the meiotic prophase nucleus stretches enormously, and chromosomes assume a bouquet-like arrangement in which telomeres and centromeres are attached to opposite poles of the nucleus. We have identified and characterized three meiosis-specific genes [meiotic nuclear elongation 1-3 ( MELG1-3...

... and yeasts, the ends of chromosomes, telomeres are clustered at the nuclear periphery. Telomere clustering is assumed to be functionally important because proper organization of chromosomes is necessary for proper genome function and stability. However, the mechanisms and physiological roles of telomere...

.... The Atm 3′UTR contains many potential microRNA target sites, and, notably, target sites for several miRNAs depleted in both conditional knockout mice were highly effective at promoting repression. RNF8, a telomere-associated protein whose localization is controlled by the MDC1–ATM kinase cascade, normally...

...Raphaëlle Dubruille; Benjamin Loppin ABSTRACT In Drosophila , telomere-capping proteins have the remarkable capacity to recognize chromosome ends in a sequence-independent manner. This epigenetic protection is essential to prevent catastrophic ligations of chromosome extremities. Interestingly...

...Mengfan Tang; Yujing Li; Yi Zhang; Yuxi Chen; Wenjun Huang; Dan Wang; Arthur J. Zaug; Dan Liu; Yong Zhao; Thomas R. Cech; Wenbin Ma; Zhou Songyang ABSTRACT Most human cancers depend on the telomerase to maintain telomeres; however, about 10% of cancers are telomerase negative and utilize...

...Alberto Viera; Manfred Alsheimer; Rocío Gómez; Inés Berenguer; Sagrario Ortega; Catherine E. Symonds; David Santamaría; Ricardo Benavente; José A. Suja ABSTRACT In most organisms, telomeres attach to the nuclear envelope at the onset of meiosis to promote the crucial processes of pairing...

...Sicong Zeng; Lvjun Liu; Yi Sun; Pingyuan Xie; Liang Hu; Ding Yuan; Dehua Chen; Qi Ouyang; Ge Lin; Guangxiu Lu ABSTRACT High telomerase activity is a characteristic of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), however, the regulation and maintenance of correct telomere length in hESCs is unclear...

..., by contrast, often employ the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway to maintain telomeres. ALT cells are characterized by long and dynamic telomeres and the presence of ALT-associated promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies (APBs). Previous work has shown the importance of APBs to the ALT pathway...

... sequences at the ends of telomeres. Telomerase can repetitively reverse transcribe its short RNA template, acting processively to add multiple telomeric repeats onto the same DNA substrate. The contribution of enzyme processivity to telomere length regulation in human cells is not well characterized...

...Giosalba Burgio; Francesca Cipressa; Antonia Maria Rita Ingrassia; Giovanni Cenci; Davide F. V. Corona Telomeres are specialized structures at the end of eukaryotic chromosomes that are required to preserve genome integrity, chromosome stability and nuclear architecture. Telomere maintenance...

...Orban Komonyi; Tamas Schauer; Gabor Papai; Peter Deak; Imre M. Boros Although telomere formation occurs through a different mechanism in Drosophila compared with other organisms, telomere associations result from mutations in homologous genes, indicating the involvement of similar pathways...

... of a trimethylguanosine (m 3 G) cap structure at the 5′ end of the RNA. Here, we report that the yeast snRNA and snoRNA methyltransferase Tgs1 is responsible for TLC1 m 3 G cap formation. The absence of Tgs1 caused changes in telomere length and structure, improved telomeric silencing and stabilized telomeric...

...Pascale Rossignol; Sarah Collier; Max Bush; Peter Shaw; John H. Doonan Chromosome integrity is maintained via the actions of ribonucleoprotein complexes that can add telomeric repeats or can protect the chromosome end from being degraded. POT1 (protection of telomeres 1), a class of single-stranded...

... and aging at cellular and molecular levels. The protein mutated in WS, WRN, appears to play a major role in genome stability, particularly during DNA replication and telomere metabolism. Much of the pathophysiology associated with WS, including the rapid onset of cellular senescence, early cancer onset...

...Edgar Trelles-Sticken; Sandrine Bonfils; Julie Sollier; Vincent Géli; Harry Scherthan; Christophe de La Roche Saint-André The entry into meiosis is characterized by a lengthy premeiotic S phase and a reorganization of the nuclear architecture. Analysis of centromere and telomere dynamics in wild...

... nuclear foci that shift over the course of the cell cycle and associate with the mitotic spindle, a pattern of localization reminiscent of that described previously for both mini-chromosomes and telomeres. By combining fluorescence in situ hybridization with indirect immunofluorescence, we confirmed...

.... In cells induced to undergo meiosis by activating the Spk1 MAPK signaling pathway, telomeres clustered at the spindle pole body (SPB) and centromeres detached normally from the SPB during meiotic prophase, and the cells showed the correct segregation of sister chromatids during meiotic divisions...

...Suisheng Zhang; Peter Hemmerich; Frank Grosse The telomeric repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2) specifically recognizes TTAGGG tandem repeats at chromosomal ends. Unexpectedly immunofluorescence studies revealed a prominent nucleolar localization of TRF2 in human cells, which appeared as discrete dots...

...David J. Kurz; Stephanie Decary; Ying Hong; Elisabeth Trivier; Alexander Akhmedov; Jorge D. Erusalimsky Replicative senescence and oxidative stress have been implicated in ageing, endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Replicative senescence is determined primarily by telomere integrity...

...David Lydall Telomeres stabilise DNA at the ends of chromosomes, preventing chromosome fusion and genetic instability. Telomeres differ from double strand breaks in that they activate neither DNA repair nor DNA damage checkpoint pathways. Paradoxically DNA repair and checkpoint genes play critical...