..., our study indicated that MKL1 promoted the migration and invasion of PTC cells. MKL1 interacted with and recruited Smad3 to the promoter of MMP2 to activate MMP2 transcription upon treatment with TGF-β. Moreover, there was significant correlation between expression of TGF-β, MKL1 and MMP2 in our...

... remains unclear. Understanding signalling dynamics is thus a key challenge in determining how cells respond to external cues. Here, we demonstrate that different TGF-β family ligands, namely activin A and BMP4, signal with distinct dynamics, which differ profoundly from those of TGF-β itself...

... containing 0.1% FBS ±2 ng/ml TGF-β plus the indicated concentration of LLL12 or DMSO and incubated for 72 h. Cells were then lysed and lifted from the plate with 3.2 mM NH 4 OH. Wells were washed with Tris-buffered saline (TBS) and blocked with Li-Cor Odyssey Blocking Buffer for 60 min before overnight...

...-of-function mutations in FLNB cause two groups of skeletal disorders that can be attributed to either the loss of repressive function on TGF-β signaling or a disruption in mechanosensory properties, respectively. In this Review, we highlight a unique family of vertebrate-specific short-lived filamin-binding...

... (EDB), referred to as EDA+FN or EDB+FN, are highly upregulated in tumor vasculature. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling has been attributed a pivotal role in glioblastoma, with TGF-β promoting angiogenesis and vessel remodeling. By using immunohistochemistry staining, we observed...

.... It is debated whether epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) affects tubular cells, which under high-glucose conditions overproduce transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a fibrogenic cytokine involved in interstitial fibrosis development. Our study investigated the involvement of non-receptor tyrosine kinase...

.... TGF-β and hypoxia, two cues that initiate injury-induced fibrosis, caused human kidney cells to develop a mesenchymal phenotype, including increased fibronectin expression and secretion. However, upon hypoxia, assembled extracellular fibronectin fibrils were mostly absent, whereas treatment with TGF-β...

... −/− mice, during late stages, the mutant muscle exhibits necrotic fibers, calcium deposits and fibrosis. TGF-β expression, as well as levels of phosphorylated Smad2 and Smad3, are sustained in the mutant tissue and treatment with decorin, which blocks TGF-β signaling, improves the histopathology of Sharp-1...

... this are poorly understood. Ski is a negative regulator of TGF-β–Smad signaling in myofibroblasts, and might redirect the myofibroblast phenotype back to fibroblasts. Meox2 could alter TGF-β-mediated cellular processes and is repressed by Zeb2. Here, we investigated whether Ski diminishes the myofibroblast...

.... Consistent with these observations, cell proliferation was elevated in acini formed by human prostate epithelial cells stably silenced for Dkk-3. Silencing of Dkk-3 increased TGF-β/Smad signalling, and inhibitors of TGF-β/Smad signalling rescued the defective acinar phenotype caused by loss of Dkk-3...

... ‡ Present address: Department of Plastic Surgery, Xijing Hospital, FMMU, Xian, China § Authors for correspondence ( dwoodley@usc.edu ; wli@usc.edu ) 3 9 2010 © 2011. 2011 TGF-β Receptors ERK1/2 Signal transduction When skin is wounded and the dermal blood vessels...

...-mail: yvonne.janssen@uvm.edu ) 10 1 2008 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2008 2008 Lung EMT TGF-β JNK SMAD Mouse Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has emerged as a cardinal process crucial to the promotion of tissue fibrosis and metastasis ( Kalluri...

... are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that cholesterol treatment suppresses or attenuates TGF-β responsiveness in all cell types studied as determined by measuring TGF-β-induced Smad2 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, TGF-β-induced PAI-1 expression, TGF-β-induced luciferase reporter gene...

... recombinant epilysin in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells and found that this resulted in stable and irreversible epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) accompanied by loss of cell surface E-cadherin, proteolytic processing of latent TGF-β-complexes and increased levels of active TGF-β. The cascade of events...

...Vladimír Leksa; Samuel Godar; Herbert B. Schiller; Elke Fuertbauer; Arshad Muhammad; Katarina Slezakova; Vaclav Horejsi; Peter Steinlein; Ulrich H. Weidle; Bernd R. Binder; Hannes Stockinger Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), a key modulator of endothelial cell apoptosis, must be activated from...

...Aristidis Moustakas; Carl-Henrik Heldin During the past 10 years, it has been firmly established that Smad pathways are central mediators of signals from the receptors for transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily members to the nucleus. However, growing biochemical and developmental...

... activity around stromal cells in cocultures and xenografted tumors. Use of Smad3 knockout fibroblasts, small molecule inhibitors, and neutralizing antibodies showed that MMP-9 expression was induced by tumor cell-derived TNF-α and TGF-β, dependent on Smad-, Ras-, and PI3-kinase-signaling, and likewise...

..., Tochigi, 329-0498 Japan ** Present address: 1618 Latimer Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA TGF-β LTBP Smad2/3 Keratinocytes Transgenic mice Hair cycle Members of the TGF-β superfamily play significant roles in development, cell differentiation and tissue morphogenesis...

.... Several laboratories have investigated cadherin expression during TGF-β-mediated EMT in the mouse mammary epithelial cell line NMuMG, with conflicting results. Some studies reported that the expression level of E-cadherin did not change in response to TGF-β1 ( Bakin et al., 2000 ; Bhowmick et al., 2001...

... another mechanism for repression of Dpp signaling in cystoblasts and differentiating germ cells ( Casanueva and Ferguson, 2004 ). Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling might also control Bam expression in the male germline, which indicates that some components of the differentiation program...