..., including a perspective on their potential to act as bioactive, cell modulatory factors. Chromatin Evolution Extracellular Histones Post-translational modifications Signalling Babraham Institute http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100012067 Biotechnology and Biological Sciences...

... that is linked to the regulation of growth factor signalling and tumour suppression. It is stabilized at the plasma membrane by trans homophilic interactions upon cell–cell contact. PTPRK regulates cell–cell adhesion but is also reported to regulate numerous cancer-associated signalling pathways. However...

... or UBE2D2 in endothelial cells caused a rise in steady-state VEGFR2 levels. This rise in plasma membrane VEGFR2 levels impacted on VEGF-A-stimulated signalling, with increased activation of canonical MAPK, phospholipase Cγ1 and Akt pathways. Analysis of biosynthetic VEGFR2 is consistent with a role...

... conditions). Results are mean±s.d. In summary, these results indicate that αv-class integrin engagement with FN activates a signalling cascade resulting in the activation of MARK2 and MARK3 kinases, which trigger phosphorylation of Lfc at S151, leading to the release from MTs, activation of RhoA...

...Ronja Markworth; Vivian Dambeck; Lars Malte Steinbeck; Angeliki Koufali; Bastian Bues; Tal M. Dankovich; Carolin Wichmann; Katja Burk ABSTRACT Axonal survival and growth requires signalling from tropomyosin receptor kinases (Trks). To transmit their signals, receptor–ligand complexes...

... are internalised via various endocytic pathways that influence the ultimate signalling output by regulating the selection of interaction partners by the complex along the trafficking route. We report that, in differentiated cells, activin A–receptor complexes are internalised via clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME...

... into tumour–microenvironment interactions have led to ideas on targeting it as treatments. Microenvironment Cancer Extracellular matrix Mechanobiology Signalling In tissue biology, the terms stroma or microenvironment have been used to distinguish supporting tissue from the parenchyma...

...Rachel Moore; Katja Vogt; Adelina E. Acosta-Martin; Patrick Shire; Martin Zeidler; Elizabeth Smythe ABSTRACT The JAK/STAT pathway is an essential signalling cascade required for multiple processes during development and for adult homeostasis. A key question in understanding this pathway is how...

... as direct transducers of extracellular biotic and abiotic signals, and, through their participation in intrinsic feedback loops, respectively. TORC1, the better-studied complex, is mainly involved in cell volume homeostasis through regulating accumulation of proteins and other macromolecules, while...

...Dougall M. Norris; Pengyi Yang; James R. Krycer; Daniel J. Fazakerley; David E. James; James G. Burchfield ABSTRACT Akt is a key node in a range of signal transduction cascades and play a critical role in diseases such as cancer and diabetes. Fluorescently-tagged Akt reporters have been used...

...Dimitris Basagiannis; Sofia Zografou; Carol Murphy; Theodore Fotsis; Lucia Morbidelli; Marina Ziche; Christopher Bleck; Jason Mercer; Savvas Christoforidis ABSTRACT Endocytosis plays a crucial role in receptor signalling. VEGFR2 (also known as KDR) and its ligand VEGFA are fundamental...

... metabolism, proliferation, cell survival and fate. Organisms or tissues rapidly respond to changes in oxygen availability by activating complex signalling networks, which culminate in the control of mRNA translation and/or gene expression. This Commentary presents the effects of hypoxia during embryonic...

...Viesturs Simanis The septation initiation network (SIN) regulates aspects of cell growth and division in Schizosaccharomyces pombe and is essential for cytokinesis. Insufficient signalling results in improper assembly of the contractile ring and failure of cytokinesis, generating multinucleated...

...Maria Gagliardi; Ana Hernandez; Ian J. McGough; Jean-Paul Vincent ABSTRACT A key step in the canonical Wnt signalling pathway is the inhibition of GSK3β, which results in the accumulation of nuclear β-catenin (also known as CTNNB1), and hence regulation of target genes. Evidence suggests...

... signalling pathway activation in a concentration-dependent manner. Surprisingly, silencing of Tsg also increased HUVEC sprouting, migration and proliferation, which is again associated with Akt, Erk and Smad signalling pathway activation. Furthermore, we reveal that Tsg and BMPER interfere with each other...

... as a function of altered p38 signalling. In addition, the major transcription factor for adipogenic differentiation, C/EBPβ, was repressed after silencing Sox9. The nearly complete absence of C/EBPβ protein as a result of increased destabilization of the C/EBPβ mRNA and the impact on osteocalcin gene expression...

...Simone Radtke; Mina Milanovic; Carine Rossé; Manu De Rycker; Sylvie Lachmann; Andrew Hibbert; Stéphanie Kermorgant; Peter J. Parker Summary Aberrant signalling of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as c-Met, the receptor for hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), has been implicated in the oncogenesis...

... Adhesion turnover Focal adhesion Integrin Signalling Following membrane protrusion during cell migration, integrin-dependent adhesion complexes are assembled, subsequently mature and finally disassemble to allow cells to move in a polarised manner ( Parsons et al., 2010 ). Focal adhesions (FAs...

...Owen J. McGinn; Georgi Marinov; Saladin Sawan; Peter L. Stern Summary CXCL12 is a pleiotropic chemokine capable of eliciting multiple signal transduction cascades and functions, via interaction with either CXCR4 or CXCR7. Factors that determine CXCL12 receptor preference, intracellular signalling...

... function in coordination with each other and with other signalling inputs in vivo. Mechanical forces, which are generated throughout the organism, can produce signals through force-sensitive processes. Here, we first explore the mechanisms through which forces can be generated and the cellular responses...