... endosome to TGN trafficking of retromer-dependent retrograde cellular cargos, divalent metal transporter 1 isoform II, cation-independent mannose-6-phosphate receptor, and shiga toxin, whereas trafficking of retromer-independent cargos cholera toxin and a mutant CIMPR unable to bind retromer...

... and very early uptake structures that are induced by the bacterial Shiga toxin, which enters cells by clathrin-independent endocytosis. We show that toxin trafficking into cells and cell intoxication rely on these SNARE proteins. Of note, the cellular uptake of VAMP3 is increased in the presence of Shiga...

.... The receptor-binding B-subunit of Shiga toxin (STxB) has been developed as an antigen delivery tool for such immunotherapy applications. In this study, we have analyzed pathways and trafficking factors that are involved in this process. A covalent conjugate between STxB and saporin was generated...

...Yoko Shiba; Winfried Römer; Gonzalo A. Mardones; Patricia V. Burgos; Christophe Lamaze; Ludger Johannes The retrograde transport route links early endosomes and the TGN. Several endogenous and exogenous cargo proteins use this pathway, one of which is the well-explored bacterial Shiga toxin. ADP...

... endosomes to the trans Golgi network (TGN). However, it has remained unclear whether these protein machineries function on the same or parallel pathways. We show here that clathrin and the retromer subunit Vps26 colocalize at the ultrastructural level on early/recycling endosomes containing Shiga toxin B...

...)-mediated silencing combined with single-cell fluorescent-toxin-uptake assays and well-established biochemical assays to analyze toxin delivery to the TGN, we have established that suppression of SNX1 leads to a significant reduction in the efficiency of endosome-to-TGN transport of the Shiga toxin B...

... to show that these SNARE proteins are not only required for efficient retrograde transport of Shiga toxin, but also for that of an endogenous cargo protein – the mannose 6-phosphate receptor – and for the productive trafficking into cells of cholera toxin and ricin. We have found that the function...

..., golgin-97 and golgin-245, onto Golgi membranes. Furthermore, we show that, in concert with Arl1 and GRIP proteins, ARFRP1 is implicated in the Golgi-to-plasma membrane transport of the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein as well as in the retrograde transport of TGN38 and Shiga toxin from endosomes...

...Hisami Takenouchi; Nobutaka Kiyokawa; Tomoko Taguchi; Jun Matsui; Yohko U. Katagiri; Hajime Okita; Kenji Okuda; Junichiro Fujimoto Shiga toxin is a bacterial toxin consisting of A and B subunits. Generally, the essential cytotoxicity of the toxin is thought to be mediated by the A subunit, which...

...Silje U. Lauvrak; Maria L. Torgersen; Kirsten Sandvig It has previously been shown that Shiga toxin, despite being bound to a glycolipid receptor, can be efficiently endocytosed from clathrin-coated pits. However, clathrin-independent endocytosis is also responsible for a proportion of the toxin...

...Alice Chen; Ramzey J. AbuJarour; Rockford K. Draper Cholera toxin, Shiga toxin and ricin are examples of protein toxins that require retrograde transport from the Golgi complex into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to express their cytotoxic activities and different toxins appear to use different...

...Olga Kovbasnjuk; Michael Edidin; Mark Donowitz Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli producing Shiga toxins 1 and/or 2 have become major foodborne pathogens. The specific binding of Shiga toxin 1 B-subunit to its receptor, a neutral glycolipid globotriaosylceramide Gb 3 , on the apical surface...