... to show that these SNARE proteins are not only required for efficient retrograde transport of Shiga toxin, but also for that of an endogenous cargo protein – the mannose 6-phosphate receptor – and for the productive trafficking into cells of cholera toxin and ricin. We have found that the function...

...Alice Chen; Ramzey J. AbuJarour; Rockford K. Draper Cholera toxin, Shiga toxin and ricin are examples of protein toxins that require retrograde transport from the Golgi complex into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to express their cytotoxic activities and different toxins appear to use different...

...Silje U. Lauvrak; Alicia Llorente; Tore-Geir Iversen; Kirsten Sandvig Transport of ricin from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus occurs, in contrast to the transport of the mannose 6-phosphate receptor, by a Rab9-independent process. To characterize the pathway of ricin transport to the Golgi...

... cells was induced by the phorbol ester 12- O -tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate, a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC). When cells were pretreated with methyl-β-cyclodextrin to extract cholesterol, the phorbol ester was unable to induce the increased endocytosis of ricin otherwise seen, although...

...Alicia Llorente; Bo van Deurs; Øystein Garred; Per Eker; Kirsten Sandvig ABSTRACT Addition of arachidonic acid or stimulation of arachidonic acid production by secretory phospholipase A2 selectively upregulated apical endocytosis of ricin in MDCK cells without affecting basolateral endocytosis...

...Paul A. Gleeson; R. Colin hughes ABSTRACT The effects of the toxic lectins, ricin and modeccin, on baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells have been compared. Modeccin is about 20–50 times more toxic to BHK cells than ricin. Binding studies showed that there are 10 5 to 2 × 10 5 modeccin binding sites/cell...