..., composition, dynamics, function and involvement in disease of SGs and PBs. * Authors for correspondence ( pivanov@rics.bwh.harvard.edu ; panderson@bwh.harvard.edu ) © 2020. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2020 Cell stress Stress Granules P bodies Protein synthesis RNA metabolism...

... membrane. We generated three mutant knockout cell lines for the CL biosynthesis gene Crls1 to investigate the effects of CL loss on mitochondrial protein synthesis. Reduced CL levels caused altered mitochondrial morphology and transcriptome-wide changes that were accompanied by uncoordinated mitochondrial...

.... Puromycin Translation elongation factor B cell T cell Fetal liver Protein synthesis Protein synthesis is a central metabolic process that is regulated at different biochemical levels. Polypeptide elongation by ribosomes proceeds discontinuously, with pauses regulating the speed of protein...

... protein synthesis during initial growth, regeneration and functional maintenance of their axons. Although the first evidence for protein synthesis in axons dates back to 1960s, improved methodologies, including the ability to isolate axons to purity, highly sensitive RNA detection methods and imaging...

... and the signaling cascades required for local BDNF translation in dendrites in response to excitatory inputs. Neurotrophins Hippocampus Protein synthesis Pilocarpine Translation of a subset of dendritically localized mRNAs in close proximity to activated synapses is a fundamental mechanism...

...Jirapas Jongjitwimol; Robert A. Baldock; Simon J. Morley; Felicity Z. Watts ABSTRACT Regulation of protein synthesis is crucial for cells to maintain viability and to prevent unscheduled proliferation that could lead to tumorigenesis. Exposure to stress results in stalling of translation, with many...

... analysis TSAA Protein synthesis Meiotic maturation Cell fate, proliferation and differentiation are dependent on gene expression, often at the level of protein synthesis ( Kimble and Crittenden, 200 7). Dysregulation of these processes is associated with human pathologies including infertility...

... between autophagy and cell growth will also be discussed. neufeld@med.umn.edu © 2012. 2012 Autophagy Cell growth Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) Protein synthesis Lysosome Cell cycle Cells have an intrinsic drive to increase their mass, which is illustrated by the ravenous...

... used to produce KCP2-specific antibodies. The products of translational initiation at Met26 or Met27 are indistinguishable by SDS-PAGE, and therefore the precise AUG codon at which protein synthesis is normally initiated could not be determined by immunoblotting of the products. Examination...

... The Company of Biologists Limited 2009 2009 Cell growth IQGAP1 Protein synthesis Cell proliferation, which is generally controlled by the rate of protein synthesis, requires tight coordination of cell growth and division and a diverse number of proteins have been shown to affect both cell...

... and differentiation. Qualitative and quantitative changes in protein synthesis occur by translational control of mRNAs, mediated in part by eIF4E, which binds the mRNAs 5′ cap. IFE-1 is one of five eIF4E isoforms identified in C. elegans . IFE-1 is expressed primarily in the germ line and associates with P granules...

... spectrometric analysis of the N terminus of translational initiation factor eIF4G-1 reveals novel isoforms. J. Biol. Chem. 277 , 12559 -12571. Brandhorst, B. P. ( 1976 ). Two-dimensional gel patterns of protein synthesis before and after fertilization of sea urchin eggs. Dev. Biol. 52 , 310 -317...

...Sang Won Lee; Byeong Hoon Cho; Sang Gyu Park; Sunghoon Kim Although aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) are housekeeping enzymes essential for protein synthesis, they can play non-catalytic roles in diverse biological processes. Some ARSs are capable of forming complexes with each other...

...Sun-Kyung Lee; Peter J. Hollenbeck Many axons carry out the synthesis of macromolecules independent of their cell bodies but the nature, organization and magnitude of axonal protein synthesis remain unclear. We have examined these features in axons of chick sympathetic neurons in cell culture...

...Carlos Gonzalez; Michel Satre ABSTRACT Cycloheximide, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, inhibited endocytosis pathways in the vegetative amoebae of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum . Half-maximal inhibition of fluid-phase pinocytosis in nutrient medium or in buffer occurred at 0.08...

...C. De la torre; A. Gonzalez-fernandez; G. Gimenez-martin ABSTRACT Different responses were detected when inhibiting protein synthesis (by 1 μ g ml -1 anisomycin) for similar times (3 h) in each of the four regions of the plant cell cycle where synthesis of specific proteins seems to control further...

... ). Studies on the development of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis . 111. Embryonic synthesis of ciliary proteins . Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab., Woods Hole 142 , 489 – 504 . 10.2307/1540325 Stephens , R. E. ( 1977 ). Differential protein synthesis and utilization during...

...). Cell division has been studied from a wide range of different perspectives, depending on the particular interests of the investigators and what techniques were available to them. Our own entry into this field arose naturally but by chance from studies of protein synthesis in the oocytes and eggs...

... parallel to, but with a constant delay behind, the corresponding RNA steps. When protein synthesis is suppressed (e.g. by maintaining the cells in the dark) after an RNA synthesis step has already occurred the cells double their DNA content, but no corresponding nuclear division occurs and uninuclear...

... Akhayat , O. , Infante , A. A. , Infante , D. , Martins De Sa , C. , Grossi De Sa , M. F. & Scherrer , K. ( 1987b ). Isolation and characterization of a particular prosome composed of RNA and multimers of a 21K protein that inhibits protein synthesis . Eur.J. Biochetn...