..., or at least treatments that are more effective than those currently available. Pathogenic microorganisms, during evolution, have developed a variety of mechanisms for subverting important signal transduction pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB...

...-transduction network that is controlled by WNK kinases. Under hyperosmotic or hypotonic low-Cl – conditions, WNK isoforms are activated, and subsequently phosphorylate and activate the related protein kinases SPAK and OSR1. SPAK and OSR1 phosphorylate and activate ion co-transporters that include NCC, NKCC1...

...-mail: buccione@negrisud.it ) * Present address: Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA 9 11 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2008 2008 Invadopodia Invasion Protein kinases Cortactin A375MM cells were plated directly...

...; they are substrates for multiple protein kinases that phosphorylate them on distinct sites. We have previously found that injection of synapsin into Helix snail neurons cultured under low-release conditions increases the efficiency of neurotransmitter release. In order to investigate the role of phosphorylation...

... themes have emerged, such as the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades and the regulation of cytoskeletal structure through effects on the actin and tubulin cytoskeletons. The genetic analysis of Pak function in mammals is ongoing. In mice, the Pak1, Pak2, Pak4 and Pak5...

... (e-mail: volmat@unice.fr ) 25 6 2001 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2001 2001 Growth factors Signal transduction Protein kinases Protein phosphatases Cell nucleus Upon stimulation of many types of cell surface receptors, p42/p44 MAPKs are activated...

... proteins during neuroblastoma cell differentiation. © The Company of Biologists Limited 1991 1991 microtubule-associated proteins tau proteins casein kinaseII protein kinases neuronal morphogenesis neuronal plasticity neuronal cytoskeleton Microtubule protein phosphorylation...