... stimulates lipid droplet formation by activating the long-chain fatty acid receptor FFAR4, which signals through a pertussis-toxin-sensitive G-protein signalling pathway involving phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-kinase), AKT (also known as protein kinase B) and phospholipase D (PLD) activities. This initial...

... and PI3K signaling in a manner mechanistically similar to directed cell locomotion. Erythroblast enucleation PI3-kinase Microtubules Cell polarization In the last step of erythropoiesis, mammalian erythroblasts undergo enucleation, a process that is crucial for the formation of mature...

... gradient (less than 5% concentration difference across the cell), PtdIns(3,4,5) P 3 is still somewhat enriched at the leading edge. Cells lacking PI3-kinase (PI3K) activity exhibit poor chemotaxis in these shallow gradients. Owing to the reduced speed and diminished orientation of the cells in steep...

... endothelial cells fail to undergo vascular assembly and migration in response to ephrin-A1 in vitro. Ephrin-A1 stimulation induces PI3-kinase-dependent activation of Rac1 in wild-type endothelial cells, whereas EphA2-deficient cells fail to activate Rac1 upon stimulation. Expression of dominant negative PI3...

... (e-mail: fhollande@ww3.pharma.univ-montp1.fr ) 12 12 2002 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2003 2003 Tight junctions β-catenin Progastrin Src PI3-kinase In polarised epithelia, specialised structures such as tight junctions(TJs) and adherens junctions (AJs...

... of the neutrophil oxidase complex. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: chris.ellson@bbsrc.ac.uk ) © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 2002 Phox PI3-kinase PtdIns(3) P Trafficking NADPH oxidase SNX Phosphoinositide levels are exquisitely regulated within cells and constitute...

... and was inhibited by 3-methlyadenine, a classical inhibitor of the autophagic pathway. Additionally, wortmannin, an inhibitor of PI3-kinases that blocks autophagy at an early stage, inhibited the accumulation of MDC in autophagic vacuoles. We also found that treatment of the cells with N-ethylmaleimide (NEM...

.... These results indicate that NGF-stimulated neurite outgrowth requires the activity of a tyrosine kinase regulated PI3-kinase and suggest that the primary product of this enzyme, PtdInsP 3 , is a necessary second messenger for the cytoskeletal and membrane reorganization events which occur during neuronal...

...-kinase) ( Eberle et al., 1990 ). PI3-kinase is a dimer consisting of a regulatory 85 kDa subunit that asso-ciates with activated tyrosine kinase receptors through its src homologous (SH2) domains and a 110 kDa subunit that encodes the catalytic activity ( Carpenter and Cantley, 1990 ; Panayotou...