... focus on the dynamic nature of a conserved chromosomal interface – the synaptonemal complex – and the chromosome movements that accompany meiosis as potential mechanisms to resolve topological constraints. We highlight the advantages of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans for understanding biophysical...

..., often in the form of repetitive DNA; (2) recombination initiation during meiosis; and (3) physical proximity of the homologous sequences in three-dimensional space. This Hypothesis highlights the latest progress in understanding human Robertsonian translocations within the context of the broader...

... phosphorylates histone H3 at threonine 3 (H3T3ph), an essential epigenetic mark that recruits the CPC, in which the catalytic component is Aurora B kinase (AURKB). However, the centromeric haspin-H3T3ph-CPC pathway remains largely uncharacterized in mammalian male meiosis. We have analyzed haspin functions...

... mammalian oocytes, and that these F-actin structures deteriorate with advancing reproductive age. Oocyte Nuclear F-actin Meiosis Aneuploidy Chromosome segregation Infertility Wellcome Trust http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010269 213470/Z/18/Z Royal Society http://dx.doi.org...

...Lauren G. Chukrallah; Aditi Badrinath; Gabrielle G. Vittor; Elizabeth M. Snyder ABSTRACT Male germ cells establish a unique heterochromatin domain, the XY-body, early in meiosis. How this domain is maintained through the end of meiosis and into post-meiotic germ cell differentiation is poorly...

... clusters over ∼200 kb chromosomal regions. Here, we investigated LinE configurations and distributions in live cells using super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. We found LinEs form two chromosomal structures, dot-like and linear structures, in both zygotic and azygotic meiosis. Dot-like LinE structures...

... kinetochores are separately positioned on opposite sides of sister centromeres during mitosis, but associate with each other during meiosis I. Kinetochore association facilitates the attachment of sister chromatids to the same pole, enabling the segregation of homologous chromosomes toward opposite poles...

...Alberto Pineda-Santaella; Nazaret Fernández-Castillo; Alberto Jiménez-Martín; María del Carmen Macías-Cabeza; Ángela Sánchez-Gómez; Alfonso Fernández-Álvarez ABSTRACT Chromosome segregation in female meiosis in many metazoans is mediated by acentrosomal spindles, the existence of which implies...

...Janet K. Jang; Amy C. Gladstein; Arunika Das; Joanatta G. Shapiro; Zachary L. Sisco; Kim S. McKim ABSTRACT Meiosis in female oocytes lacks centrosomes, the microtubule-organizing centers. In Drosophila oocytes, meiotic spindle assembly depends on the chromosomal passenger complex (CPC...

... crossovers between homologous chromatids, while all other breaks are repaired without forming crossovers. (B) Top: electron micrograph of C. elegans chromosomes during meiosis, with ladder-like structure of the SC-CR superimposed. Bottom: schematic of chromatin (gray), axis (orange) and SC-CR (teal). (C...

... and male sterility. Immunofluorescence and fluorescent in situ hybridization revealed that Ipo9 KO mutants display chromosome condensation and segregation defects during meiosis. In addition, Ipo9 KO mutant males form abnormally structured sperm and fail to properly exchange histones for protamines. Ipo9...

...Xiangchuan Wang; Dandan Zhang; Cunni Zheng; Shian Wu; Michael Glotzer; Yu Chung Tse ABSTRACT Haploid male gametes are produced through meiosis during gametogenesis. Whereas the cell biology of mitosis and meiosis is well studied in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans , comparatively little is known...

... of temporal and spatial control of translation remains unclear. In oocytes, many mRNAs are deposited as a translationally repressed form and are translated at appropriate times to promote the progression of meiosis and development. Here, we show that changes in subcellular structures and states of the RNA...

...Stephen R. Wellard; Karen Schindler; Philip W. Jordan ABSTRACT Precise control of chromosome dynamics during meiosis is critical for fertility. A gametocyte undergoing meiosis coordinates formation of the synaptonemal complex (SC) to promote efficient homologous chromosome recombination. Subsequent...

... thermophila , the meiotic prophase nucleus stretches enormously, and chromosomes assume a bouquet-like arrangement in which telomeres and centromeres are attached to opposite poles of the nucleus. We have identified and characterized three meiosis-specific genes [meiotic nuclear elongation 1-3 ( MELG1-3...

...Adél Sepsi; Trude Schwarzacher ABSTRACT During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair, synapse and exchange their genetic material through reciprocal homologous recombination, a phenomenon essential for faithful chromosome segregation. Partial sequence identity between non-homologous...

... complex Chromosome segregation Atypical cell division Endomitosis Meiosis For mosquito transmission stages and bite back experiments, triplicate sets of 30–50 Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes were used. The mosquito guts were analysed on different days post-infection: 7 d.p.i., 12 d.p.i., 14...

... mouse testes indicated that meiosis-associated mRNAs bound by LIN28A were differentially expressed. Next, ribosome profiling revealed that the mRNA levels of these targets were significantly reduced in the polysome fractions, and their protein expression levels decreased, in Lin28a -null mouse testes...

... underwent the typical three phases of spindle elongation, they have distinct features. We found that the relative concentration of the kinesin-14 family protein Pkl1 is decreased in meiosis I compared to mitosis, while the concentration of the kinesin-5 family protein Cut7 remains constant. We identified...

... by disruptions in chromosome segregation during meiosis I and II. Rec8 cohesin dynamics are altered in the absence of the TLSPs. These data suggest that the TLSPs contribute to multiple aspects of meiotic chromosome dynamics. * Present address: Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California...